Salehi B.Sharifi-Rad J.Quispe C.Llaique H.Villalobos M.Smeriglio A.Trombetta D.Ezzat, Shahira MSalem M.A.Zayed A.Salgado Castillo C.M.Yazdi S.E.Sen S.Acharya K.Sharopov F.Martins N.Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineBam University of Medical SciencesBamIran; Zabol Medicinal Plants Research CenterZabol University of Medical SciencesZabolIran; Instituto de EtnoFarmacolog�aFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Arturo PratAvda. Arturo Prat 2120Iquique1110939Chile; Department of ChemicalBiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaItaly; Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityKasr El-Aini StreetCairo11562Egypt; Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyOctober University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)6th October 12566Egypt; Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyMenoufia UniversityGamal Abd El Nasr st.Shibin ElkomMenoufia32511Egypt; Department of PharmacognosyCollege of PharmacyTanta UniversityElguish StreetTanta31527Egypt; Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad del AzuayCuencaEcuador; Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of PretoriaGauteng 0002South Africa; Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkata700019India; Department of BotanyFakir Chand CollegeDiamond HarbourWest Bengal743331India; Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyAvicenna Tajik State Medical UniversityRudaki 139Dushanbe734003Tajikistan; Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAlameda Prof. Hernni MonteiroPorto4200-319Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S)University of PortoPorto4200-135Portugal2020-01-092020-01-0920199242244https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.003PubMed ID :https://t.ly/m80OpScopusBackground: Eucalyptus genus members have received a great interest worldwide for their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and insect-repellent properties for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and furniture purposes. Indeed, the application of Eucalyptus essential oil in cosmetic and personal hygiene products is gradually increasing. Also, it has been widely used in the traditional medicine for centuries, in the treatment of respiratory diseases, common cold, influenza, and sinus congestion. Scope and approach: This review addressed botanical and ethnopharmacological aspects of Eucalyptus plants, as also its in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, and current insights with regards to clinical efficacy and safety. Key findings and conclusions: Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) is the main component present in Eucalyptus oils. According to the previously reported uses of Eucalyptus oils and extracts, there is urgently required further in vivo studies with the distinct Eucalyptus constituents to reveal the secrets beyond the traditional uses for treatment of a wide spectrum of ailments. A great attention has also been given for its nanotechnological applications by food and pharmaceutical industries. Nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus oil have been recognized for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against gram-negative bacteria and the major microorganism responsible for causing fungal infections worldwide (Candida albicans). Moreover, eucalyptol does not present genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. Subacute hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in animal models have been stated after application of high doses, higher than the estimated LD50 (2400 mg/kg b.w. In rats). However, an in-deep risk assessment on further exposure and toxicity data is highly needed. 2019 Elsevier LtdEnglishOctober University for Modern Sciences and Artsجامعة أكتوبر للعلوم الحديثة والآدابUniversity of Modern Sciences and ArtsMSA University1,8-CineoleBiological activityEucalyptolEucalyptusHealth promoting effectsNanoemulsionsSinusitisBacteriaCosmeticsDiseasesEssential oilsMedical applicationsRisk assessment1 ,8-cineoleEucalyptolEucalyptusNano-emulsionsPromoting effectSinusitisBioactivityReviewhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.003PubMed ID :