Y. Elias, WaelS. Ayoub, MohamedEl-Malahy, HossamM. El-Kholy, MoatazKayal, RayanA. Merdad, Khalid2020-02-292020-02-2920161 Batsakis J (1979) Tumors of the head and neck. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. 2 Dimery I, Hong W(1993) Overview of combined modality therapies for head and neck cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 95-111. 3 Jemal A, Bary F, Center M, Ferlay J, Ward E, et al. (2011) Global cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin 61: 69-90. 4 Gomes A, Bhattacharjee P, Mishra R, Biswas A, Dasgupta S, et al. (2010) Anticancer potential of animal venoms and toxins. Indian J Exp Biolo 48: 93-103. 5 Newman D, Cragg G (2007) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod 70: 461. 6 Yuan Y, Liao Y, Hsueh C, Mirshahidi H (2011) Novel targeted therapeutics: Inhibitor of MDM2, ALK and PARP. J Haemtol Oncol 4: 16. 7 Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Singh A (2010) MicroRNA-based cancer therapeutics: Big hope from small RNAs. 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Cytometry 24: 131-139. 31 Taranger C, Noer A, Sorensen A, Hakelien A, Boquest A, et al. (2005) Induction of dedifferentiation, genomewide transcriptional programming and epigenetic reprogramming by xtracts of carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 16: 5719-5735.2254-6081https://t.ly/3Gz92MSA Google ScholarTitle: This experiment explores the effect of effect of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs)-conditioned medium on the HEP-2 cell line. Background: Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells may be more useful for cancer therapy than other adult stem cells since they are easily prepared in relatively large quantities from the umbilical cord after delivery. This study aims to determine the anticancer effect of WJMSC-conditioned medium on a HEP-2 cell line after 24, 48, and 72 hours using flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Methods and findings: A HEP-2 cell line and WJMSCs were propagated. The cultured medium of WJMSCs was collected and used to substitute the cultured medium of the HEP-2 cell line. The HEP-2 cells were assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours. We found that WJMSC-conditioned medium caused apoptosis in the HEP-2 cell line. The percentage of apoptosis was directly proportional to time. Expression of p53 was increased after 24 and 48 hours, but after 72 hours its expression decreased. The expression of Bcl-2 also decreased over time. Conclusions: It could be concluded that WJMSC-conditioned medium could be used as an apoptotic agent against malignant cells. Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma, HEP-2 cell line, Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, Real-time PCR, p53, Bcl-2 Abbreviations: cDNA: Complementary DNA; ct: Cycle Threshold; EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor; HNSCC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; hWJSCs: Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex; MMPs: Matrix Metalloproteinases; MSC-CD: Mesenchymal Stem CellCluster of Differentiation; PI: Propidium Iodide; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RQ: Relative Quantification; SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; WJMSCs: Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells; WJMSCs-CM: Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned MediumenSquamous cell carcinomaHEP-2 cell lineWharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cellsReal-time PCRp53Bcl-2Article