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Endothelial NO synthase gene polymorphisms and hypertension: a meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2006;48:700–10https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7741-5_34-1https://t.ly/l8XDqMSA Google ScholarCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite huge efforts and great advances in studying the genetic component of CVD, there is still a great need for exploring the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of this disease. Among these factors evolve modulation of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and oxidative stress as central players according to recent reports. A wide range of biochemical disturbances, including reduced bioavailability of NO and oxidative stress, has been shown to be associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED). Many studies described the contribution of ED in the predisposition of CVD, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent evidence indicates that ED may be genetically determined. This chapter points out to the key players that influence vascular NO levels and their role in the protection against and/or predisposition to CADenUniversity of Nitric oxide; SNP; Nitric oxide synthase; Coronary artery disease; DDAH; Paraoxonase; NADPH oxidase; Endothelin; Ox-LDLArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7741-5_34-1