Moussa H.S.Bayoumi F.S.Mohamed A.M.A.Faculty of Women for ArtScience and EducationAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt; Microbiology DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyMSA UniversityCairoEgypt; Department of ImmunogeneticsNational Research CentreGizaEgypt; Egyptian Company of Serum and VaccinesGizaEgypt2020-01-092020-01-092016917370https://doi.org/https://t.ly/ged6vScopusBackground. Gene Xpert(GX) is a novel real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay which was endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and susceptibility to refampicin(RIF). Objective. To evaluate GX for direct diagnosis of TB in stool samples from children with suspected pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Methods. Children older than one year and younger than 16 years with presumptive PTB were enrolled and classified to five clinical categories based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings: Confirmed TB, probable TB, possible TB, Unlikely TB, and not TB. Two stool samples were collected from each child and tested for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by GX and the obtained results were compared to Lowenstien-Jensen (LJ) culture as a gold standard. Results. In total, 115 children were enrolled. 36 had been confirmed with TB, 61 probably TB, 10 possible TB, 5 unlikely TB, and 3 not TB. GX had a sensitivity of 83.33 and 80.56 % and specificity of 98.73 and 99.36 % by patients and samples respectively. GX was positive in 83.3% of confirmed TB as well as 1.6 and 0.8% of probable TB cases by patients and samples respectively. Conclusions. GX provided timely results with quit acceptable sensitivity and good specificity compared to LJ culture. In this study, sensitivity calculations take into account only children with confirmed TB. GX could not detect TB in children with probable TB, so it should not be used alone for TB diagnosis. Further studies for GX stool protocol optimization and assessment is required. � 2016 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.EnglishChildrenGene XpertMycobacterium tuberculosisPulmonary tuberculosisadolescentArticlebacterium detectionchildcontrolled clinical trialcontrolled studyfeces analysisfeces culturefemalegold standardhumaninfantlung tuberculosismajor clinical studymaleMycobacterium tuberculosispolymerase chain reaction systempriority journalreal time polymerase chain reactionsensitivity and specificitydemographyfecesgeneticsisolation and purificationlung tuberculosismicrobiologyMycobacterium tuberculosispreschool childproceduresreal time polymerase chain reactionreproducibilityAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDemographyFecesFemaleHumansInfantMaleMycobacterium tuberculosisReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionReproducibility of ResultsTuberculosis, PulmonaryArticlehttps://doi.org/