Deifalla, AAwad, ASeleem, HosamAbdelrahman, Amr2020-06-122020-06-129/15/2020(2014) ACI-213. Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete”, ACI Committee 213, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA: ISBN: 978-0-87031-897-9;. 2 Hassanpour, M., Shafigh, P., Mahmud, H.B. Lightweight aggregate concrete fiber reinforcement - A review (2012) Construction and Building Materials, 37, pp. 452-461. Cited 109 times. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.071 View at Publisher 3 (2019) ACI-318. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA 643 pp. 4 Greene, G.G., Garybeal, B.A. Lightweight Concrete: Mechanical Properties. NTIS Accession No. PB2013-107688, FHWA Publication No. FHWA-HRT-13-062, June 2013, U.S. Department of Transportation, 176 pp. 5 Greene, G.G., Garybeal, B.A. (2015) Lightweight Concrete: Shear Performance” FHWA Publication No.: FHWA-HRT-15-021, Technical summary of the Federal Highway Administration Report Lightweight Concrete: Shear Performance (FHWA-HRT-15-022)., U.S. Department of Transportation 176 pp. 6 Huang, C.H., Chen, L.H. Shear behavior of full size reinforced lightweight concrete beam (2011) . Cited 2 times. Dahan Institute of Technology Hualien, Taiwan 7 Zaher, A., Montaser, W. Shear behavior of light weight concrete T –Beams. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 5(12). 8 Khaloo, A.R., Sharifian, M. Behavior of low to high-strength lightweight concrete under torsion (2005) Int J Civil Eng, 3, p. September. Cited 4 times. 9 Liew, K.M., Sojobi, A.O., Zhang, L.W. Green concrete: Prospects and challenges (2017) Construction and Building Materials, 156, pp. 1063-1095. Cited 56 times. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.008 View at Publisher 10 Mousa, A., Mahgoub, M., Hussein, M. Lightweight concrete in America: presence and challenges (2018) Sustainable Production and Consumption, 15, pp. 131-144. Cited 8 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/sustainable-production-and-consumption/ doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2018.06.007 View at Publisher 11 Shuaib, H., Shamsoon, F. Shear strength of normal and light weight reinforced concrete slender beams without web reinforcement (2014) Civil Eng Architect, 2 (1), pp. 33-41. Cited 3 times. 12 Tawfik, M., Abdelrahman, A. Behavior of lightweight concrete under uniaxial eccentric compressive stresses (2017) Int J Eng Res Dev, 13 (9), p. PP.15-27. 13 Aldridge, D. (2005) , pp. 1-14. Introduction to Foamed Concrete What, Why, and How?. Use of Foamed Concrete in Construction”, London: Thomas Telford 14 Chao, W.T., Tsong, Y. Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with sedimentary lightweight aggregate without shear reinforcement. J Mater Civil Eng ASCE. 15 Nawaz, W., Abdalla, J.A., Hawileh, R.A., Alajmani, H.S., Abuzayed, I.H., Ataya, H., Mohamed, H.A. Experimental study on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams cast with Lava lightweight aggregates (2019) Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 19 (4), pp. 981-996. Cited 5 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/16449665 doi: 10.1016/j.acme.2019.05.003 View at Publisher 16 Noshy, A., Elwan, S., Said, H., Khalil, A. Torsional behavior of light weight concrete beams” Al-Azhar University Civil Engineering Research Magazine (CERM) 39(1); (2017) 17 Ribas González, C.R., Fernández Ruiz, M. Influence of flanges on the shear-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement (2017) Structural Concrete, 18 (5), pp. 720-732. Cited 3 times. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1751-7648 doi: 10.1002/suco.201600172 View at Publisher 18 Deifalla, A. Torsional Behavior of Rectangular and Flanged Concrete Beams with FRP Reinforcements (2015) Journal of Structural Engineering (United States), 141 (12), art. no. 04015068. Cited 4 times. http://ascelibrary.org/journal/jsendh doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001322 View at Publisher 19 Deifalla, A., Ghobarah, A. Assessing the North American bridge codes for the design of T-girders under torsion and shear. In: Proceeding of the 7th international conference on short & medium span bridges, Montreal, August 23–25, Paper No. 717; 8pp. 20 Deifalla, A., Ghobarah, A. Behavior and analysis of inverted T-shaped RC beams under shear and torsion (2014) Engineering Structures, 68, pp. 57-70. Cited 14 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/3/0/4/1/5/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.02.011 View at Publisher 21 Hassan, M.M., Deifalla, A. Evaluating the new CAN/CSA-S806-12 torsion provisions for concrete beams with FRP reinforcements (2016) Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions, 49 (7), pp. 2715-2729. Cited 2 times. doi: 10.1617/s11527-015-0680-9 View at Publisher 22 Huang, L.H., Lu, Y. (2013) Shi C. “Unified calculations method for symmetrically reinforced concrete section subjected to combined loading.” ACI Struct J 2013; 2013:127–36 [January–February]. 23 ASCE-ACI Committee 445 on shear and torsion. Recent approaches to shear design of structural concrete. J Struct Eng ASCE 1998;124(12):1375–417. 24 Chalioris, C.E., Karayannis, C.G. Effectiveness of the use of steel fibres on the torsional behaviour of flanged concrete beams (2009) Cement and Concrete Composites, 31 (5), pp. 331-341. Cited 58 times. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.007 View at Publisher 25 Karayannis, C.G. Torsional analysis of flanged concrete elements with tension softening (1995) Computers and Structures, 54 (1), pp. 97-110. Cited 13 times. doi: 10.1016/0045-7949(94)00299-I View at Publisher 26 Razaqpur, A.G., Ghali, A. (1986) Design of transverse reinforcement in flange of T- shaped beams. ACI J 1986; 1986:680–9 [July–August];. 27 Altun, F., Aktas, B. , pp. 575-581. Investigation of reinforced concrete beams behavior of steel fiber added lightweight concrete. Constr Build Mater; Elsevier; 38; 28 Park, R., Pauly, T. Reinforced Concrete Structures: Basic Assumption of Theory for Flexural Strength (1975) . Cited 2078 times. John Wiley & Sons Inc USA 29 Chalioris, C.E., Zapris, A.G., Karayannis, C.G. U-jacketing applications of fiber-reinforced polymers in reinforced concrete t-beams against shear-tests and design (Open Access) (2020) Fibers, 8 (2), art. no. 13. Cited 3 times. https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/fibers/fibers-08-00013/article_deploy/fibers-08-00013.pdf doi: 10.3390/fib8020013 View at Publisher 30 Deifalla, A., Ghobarah, A. (2010) Strengthening RC T-beams subjected to combined torsion and shear using FRP fabrics: experimental study. J Compos Construct. 31 Constantin, E. (2000) Karayannis C G (2000) “Strength of prestressed concrete beams in torsion”, Structural Engineering and Mechanics,10(2); 165-180;. 32 Bernardo, L., Lopes, S., Teixeira, M. Experimental study on the torsional behaviour of prestressed HSC hollow beams (Open Access) (2020) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10 (2), art. no. 642. https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/applsci/applsci-10-00642/article_deploy/applsci-10-00642-v2.pdf doi: 10.3390/app10020642 View at Publisher 33 Chalioris, C.E., Karayannis, C.G. Experimental investigation of RC beams with rectangular spiral reinforcement in torsion (2013) Engineering Structures, 56, pp. 286-297. Cited 24 times. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.003 View at Publisher 34 Deifalla, A., Awad, A., Seleem, H., Abdelrahman, A. Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of LWFC L-girders under combined torsion (2020) Structures, 26, pp. 362-377. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/structures doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.070 View at Publisher 35 Deifalla, A. (2019) 2020a. Torsion strength of lightweight concrete rectangular and flanged beams with and without fibers. Structures, Elsevier, STRUCTURES-S-19-01469, under review since December. 36 Deifalla, A. (2020) Design of lightweight concrete slabs under two-way shear without shear reinforcements: a comparative study and a new model. Eng Struct, Elsevier, ENGSTRUCT_2020_1054, under review since Feb. 37 Deifalla, A. Strength and ductility of lightweight reinforced concrete slabs under punching shear. Struct, Elsevier, STRUCTURES-S-20-00883, under review1410296https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110741https://t.ly/CosLhttps://t.ly/iidvScopusCompared to conventional normal weight concrete, Lightweight Concrete (LWC) has significantly lower own-weight-to-strength ratio and good thermal insulation. Previous studies showed that the design codes underestimate the strength of LWC beams under pure shear force or pure torsion moment. In addition, the behavior and design of LWC T-beams under combined bending, shear and torsion was never investigated. Thus, this current study explores the effect of various parameters on the behavior of lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) T-beams under combined shear, torsion and moment. Investigated parameters included the following: shear-span-to-depth ratio, torsion-to-shear-depth ratio, flange-to-web-width ratio, and transversal reinforcement ratio. An experimental program was conducted which included testing five T-beams under various ratios of combined loading. In addition, a numerical model was developed for LWFC T-beams under combined loading and verified using available experimental results. Moreover, a parametric study was performed to further investigate the effect of the selected parameters on the behavior of LWFC T-beams. Last but not least, the most recent internationally recognized design code is selected and used to calculate the T-beams strength, which was compared with the ones from the experimental and numerical investigations. For small values of the shear-span-to-depth ratio, the LWFC T-beams strength increased with the decrease of the torsion-to-shear-depth ratio compared to those with large values of the shear-span-to-depth ratio. In addition, the effect of the flange width was found to be insignificant. Moreover, the failure mode for beams with transversal reinforcement ratio above 1.2%, changed from under-reinforced mode to an over-reinforced one. Last but not least, the strength predicted using selected design code was found to be overly conservative compared to that experimentally measured and that numerically predicted for LWFC T-beams under combined loading.en-USOctober University for Lightweight foamed concreteT-beamsShearTorsionShear-span-to-depth ratioConcrete beams and girdersArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110741