Mussagy, Cassamo UDias, Ana C.R.VSantos-Ebinuma, Valeria CSadek, M. ShaabanAhmad, Mushtaqde Andrade, Cleverton RHaddad, Felipe Fdos Santos, Jean LScarim, Cau ˆ e BPereira, Jorge F.BFloriano, Juliana FerreiraHerculano, Rondinelli DMustafa, Ahmad2024-02-282024-02-282024-02https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130456http://repository.msa.edu.eg/xmlui/handle/123456789/5878Microorganisms, such as yeasts, filamentous fungi, bacteria, and microalgae, have gained significant attention due to their potential in producing commercially valuable natural carotenoids. In recent years, Phaffia rhodozyma yeasts have emerged as intriguing non-conventional sources of carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin and β-carotene. However, the shift from academic exploration to effective industrial implementation has been challenging to achieve. This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing various scenarios for carotenoid production and recovery. It explores the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and bio-based solvents (ethanol) to ensure safe extraction. The evaluation includes a comprehensive analysis involving Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), biocompatibility assessment, and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of two integrated technologies that utilize choline-based ILs and ethanol (EtOH) for astaxanthin (+β-carotene) recovery from P. rhodozyma cells. This work evaluates the potential sustainability of integrating these alternative solvents within a yeast-based bioeconomy.enBiocompatibility; Ionic liquids; Life cycle assessment; Phaffia rhodozyma; Techno-economic analysisCarotenoids; Economic analysis; Ethanol; Ionic liquids; Life cycle; Microorganisms; Molecular biology; Organic solvents; Sustainable development; YeastAstaxanthin; Carotenoid production; Comprehensive analysis; Economic constraints; Environmental assessment; Life cycle assessment; Phaffia rhodozyma; Rhodozyma yeasts; Techno-Economic analysis; Techno-economicsBiocompatibilityArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130456