Hussein, J.SMedhat, DAbdel-Latif, YMorsy, SGaafar, A.AIbrahim, E.AAl-kashef, A.SNooman, M.U2020-11-162020-11-1611/07/202016185641https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03182-0https://qrgo.page.link/YVf6RScopusThe main objective of this current study was to assess the protective role of Cyperus rotundus L. (CR) extract against oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and inflammation induced by esfenvalerate in rats. The total phenol (TP) and total tannins (TT) were estimated by Folin ciocalteu and total flavonoids were evaluated by aluminum chloride methods. The methanol: acetone: H2O with ratio 2:2:1 extract of C. rotundus tubers was determined antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS•+scavenging activities, and ferrous chelating, reducing power activities assays. Antioxidant activities of C. rotundus tuber extract exhibited 224.25, 191.47, and 218.77 μg/ml against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•) radicals and Fe2+-chelating, respectively expressed as IC50 while reducing power showed 119.88 μg/ml expressed as EC50. C. rotundus tuber extract’ analysis showed a presence of several phenolic and flavonoid compounds identified by HPLC. Albino Wistar rats were divided into normal control, C. rotundus alone treated esfenvalerate, and treated (Esfenvalerate + CR) groups. The dose of C. rotundus extract was100 mg /kg BW, while the dose of esfenvalerate was 0.533 mg/kg BW orally. Administration of esfenvalerate decreased the levels of brain reduced glutathione (GSH), and paraoxnase-1(PON-1), and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity along with increasing the levels of brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), furthermore, increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and lipocalin-2. On the other hand, treatment with C. rotundus extract significantly showed a protective effect against esfenvalerate by ameliorating levels of antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholine esterase, and inflammatory markers. The present study elicited a prophylactic effect of C. rotundus against neural damage induced by esfenvalerate in experimental rats. © 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Natureen-USAcetylcholine esteraseAdiponectinCyperus rotundus LEsfenvalerateLipocalin-2Articlehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03182-0