Faculty Of Management Graduation Project 2022- 2023

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Atmospherics of Egyptian historical places and its impact on intention to revisit
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Hisham, Feryal; Ahmed, Azza; Ehab, Farida
This study investigates the role of atmospherics in Egyptian historical places and its impact on visitors' intention to revisit. Atmospherics refer to the environmental elements that contribute to the overall sensory experience and ambiance of a place. Understanding the influence of atmospherics on visitors' intentions to revisit is crucial for heritage site managers and tourism professionals to enhance visitor experiences and promote sustainable tourism. The purpose of this research is to explore the specific atmospheric factors that significantly influence visitors' intention to revisit Egyptian historical places. The study employs a mixedmethods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to capture a comprehensive understanding of visitors' experiences and their intentions to revisit. The findings reveal several key atmospheric factors that significantly influence visitors' intention to revisit Egyptian historical places. These factors include internal, external, and social factors. The originality of this study lies in its focus on atmospherics and their impact on visitors' intention to revisit Egyptian historical places. While previous research has explored various aspects of heritage tourism, limited attention has been given to the specific atmospheric factors and their effects on visitor behavior. The value of this study lies in its practical implications for heritage site managers and tourism professionals. By understanding the significance of atmospherics, managers can strategically design and manage historical places to create memorable and meaningful experiences for visitors. This, in turn, can positively influence visitors' intention to revisit, leading to increased tourism revenue and sustainable preservation of Egypt's rich cultural heritage.
The Digital Transformation and Audit Quality and their Reflection on Enhancing the Quality of Financial Reporting
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Saleh Helmy, Manar; Mohamed Hassan, Farah
This research aims to examine and prove that there is an effect of independent variable, digitalization and audit quality on dependent variable, enhancing the quality of financial reporting. Maintaining openness in the disclosure of information about a company's financial situation and performance depends critically on internal audit. In this regard, raising the standard of internal audit is crucial for raising the standard of financial reporting. This research paper is based on secondary data that are collected from listed companies of EGX 100. The type of data is quantitative about the annual reports of listed companies in Egypt to measure the quality of financial reporting by earning management.The methodology of this research includes two main sections, section one is about variables & measurements, sample, data collection and research model. Although, section two consists of testing, measuring and evaluating the relationship between the digitalization and audit quality on enhancing the quality of financial reporting using the techniques of descriptive analysis, correlation, coefficients and regression model. The sample consists of 40 non-financial firms listed in the Egyptian exchange market (EGX) during the period of 2018 to 2021. The collected data was from the annual reports of 40 companies listed in EGX from mubasher website. The final examination equals 40 company x 4 years = 160 observations. The results are we found in the relationship of digitalization and audit quality significant relationship but relationship of audit quality and quality of financial reporting insignificant relationship.
Do Family Firms Provide More Optimistic Disclosures? The Impact of Family Ownership Dynamics
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Amira Shukri, El-Sunki; Malak Shukri, El-Sunki; Elmi, Munira Said
Thanks go out first and foremost to Almighty God who strengthened and enabled us to complete this study. We cannot thank our supervisor Dr. Dalia Elsayed Kaoud enough for being our biggest supporter and motivator through all of this. We genuinely appreciate the sincere efforts and valuable time you invested in us. Also, we are incredibly thankful to Dr. Mohamed Selim for being our examiner. In addition to that, a special thank you goes to our teaching assistants, Amera Omar, Habiba Ezzat, and Asmaa Deif-Allah, for guiding us. Last but not least, the greatest thank you to our families for the constant support and motivation
Do The Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas Price Shocks on Economic Growth Differ Among Arab OPEC Countries? A panel Data Study
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Ashraf Hassan Soltan, Nermin
The objective of this paper is to explain the impacts of changes in the oil price and the natural gas price on economic growth in six countries namely Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates by encompassing a panel data analysis on the six countries starting from 2001 till 2019. To reach our objective, the research examined the impact of some independent variables namely employment in industry, employment in services, gross capital formation, government expenditure, consumption expenditure in addition to our two focus variables which are the price of oil, and price of natural gas on the dependent variable GDP in the tested six countries. We also used data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators to empirically validate our models. Moreover, the study estimated several econometric models done through statistical program E-Views such as the common constant. The common constant model with SUR weights showed that there is a negative relation between the dependent variable GDP growth and each of consumption expenditure and employment in services. On the other hand, the same model proved a positive relation between GDP growth and each of government expenditure and the price of oil. Such results were confirmed by the ARDL long run findings which showed that there is a negative relation between the dependent variable GDP growth and the same two variables, but added an additional factor which is the price of natural gas as a factor which negatively impacts GDP. On the other hand, the same model added the price of oil as an important positive influencer to GDP, besides government expenditure and gross capital formation. Lastly, according to the results, we suggest that OPEC countries take advantage of any increase in oil prices to foster more economic growth. Even though the impact of natural gas price increases on economic growth is negative in long run, yet in the short term, increases in the price of natural gas had a positive effect on GDP growth in the six countries, with the impact being the highest in Algeria. Accordingly, rises in natural gas price may temporarily enhance GDP growth in the short run.
The Effect of Carbon Footprint Labeling on Consumer Purchasing Intention
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Khaled, Nada; Ehab, Abdullah; Amr, Roeya
This abstract introduces the concept of carbon labeling and its importance in the context of environmental sustainability. It highlights the growing concern among environmentalists regarding the deteriorating state of the environment and the implementation of carbon footprint systems by governments worldwide. The abstract also emphasizes the significance of environmental policies in shaping consumer behavior and the role of carbon labels in promoting green consumption. The example of Tesco's carbon labeling initiative is mentioned as an effective tool to encourage environmentally conscious consumption. The abstract further discusses the increased focus of businesses on eco-friendly products and the positive correlation between perceived customer effectiveness and sustainable purchasing intention. It emphasizes the need for marketing professionals to communicate the environmental benefits of eco-friendly products to consumers and encourages the implementation of regulations that support green purchases. The research aims to provide insights for decision-makers and campaign staff on factors influencing consumers' green purchasing intentions, particularly the impact of carbon footprint labels on consumer behavior.
The effect of destination image on revisiting intention to Egypt by the mediating role of tourist satisfaction
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Negm, Hoda Moataz; Yousseif, Fatemaelzahraa; Mohamed, Rowan
The purpose of this research paper is to study the effect of Destination image on revisiting intention with tourists’ satisfaction as a mediator, applied on Egypt. The researchers proposed a conceptual model based on the literature review which was tested using a qualitative and quantitative approach.224 online questionnaires were gathered from Tourists who visited Egypt before. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used in the research and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software and smart PLS. The findings showed that there is a positive strong relationship between Destination image and revisiting intention, between Destination image and tourist's satisfaction, and between tourist's satisfaction and revisiting intention. In addition, the positive strong relationship between the three variables which proved that the tourist's satisfaction is working as a partial mediator to support and enhance the relation between the destination image and revisiting intention. Finally, based on the research findings, there are general recommendations for the ministry of tourism and antiques, culture, and media production. Limitations have been mentioned in order for future researches to avoid or to try to implement doing.
The effect of fashion mobile apps on consumers’ experience
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Ghamdan, Ayaa; Hussam, Nour; Ibrahim, Taher
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of fashion mobile applications on consumers’ experience, comparative study between Zara and H&M. In this research, the researchers used the two types of data which are secondary, and primary data to collect more information and complete this study successfully, for the secondary data the researchers used previous articles to understand essential components required in fashion mobile app and how they are able to affect consumers’ experience. The research used primary data, as the researchers conducted in-depth interview with experts, and assessing the results of the conducted questionnaires among 174 participants, and the results of this study was conducted by using IBM’s statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) In this research the researchers found that there is a positive moderate relationship between the use of fashion mobile app and the overall experience captured. Where the use of fashion mobile application is essential nowadays and provides a distinctive experience to the target customers. There are many activities offered by the mobile application developer and can be served by mobile applications but also shopping can be one of the main trends on mobile applications, as most of famous brands have a live mobile application to use for online demanding.
The effect of monorail as a new transportation facility on the students’ perception to apply to universities in the new administrative capital
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Yasser Ahmed Ibrahim, Aria; Raed Dawood Aly, Aya; Khalid Mohamed Ibrahim, Malak
This research aims to study the effect of the monorail as a new transportation facility on the students’ perception to study in the new administrative capital This research’s data was obtained from both primary and secondary data, as the researchers reviewed and used previous academic articles studying the effect of the monorail as a new transportation facility in a country and its benefits. The researchers also conducted in-depth interviews with two industry experts in order to obtain valuable insight about the monorail and how it can be beneficial to the students, an online questionnaire was formed and answered by 272 respondents from both genders males and females with the purpose of measuring their opinion about the effect of monorail on the perception of the students. Finally, the data obtained from the previous convenience methods were analyzed using SPSS program and Smart PLS program. The findings of this research indicated that the monorail has an effect on the students’ perception to study in the new administrative capital.
Examining the Effect of Board Characteristics as One of the Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Shareholder Value
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Nabil Abdelhalim, Aya; Saber Kamel, Nermeen; Hesham Mahmoud, Seif
The aim of the study is to illustrate the effects of board characteristics on the shareholder value. The independent variables are board experience, CEO duality, board size, board composition, and gender diversity. On the other hand, the dependent variable is shareholder value. Furthermore, the study contains statistical analysis and empirical studies to identify the characteristics that affect shareholder value measured by Tobin Q. In addition, the study includes testing hypothetical conditional related to five variables effects on the shareholder value. Moreover, the used sample consists of Egyptian Stock Market (EGX 100) in the period from 2017- 2021. The result of the study shows that some of the independent variables as board experience and board size have a significant positive relationship with shareholder values while board composition and gender diversity have a negative relation with it. However, the CEO duality was excluded from the SPSS model. Research only focuses on various companies in the Egyptian market that covers 42 non-financial companies from EGX100 during a specific period from 2017-2021 and investigates the effects of board characteristic on shareholder value for only instance size, education and nationality areas measured by Tobin Q. In conclusion, the research contributes to highlight specific board characteristics that affect shareholder value as board experience, CEO duality, board size, board composition, and gender diversity measured by Tobin Q through using a sample from EGX100 in 2017-2021.
Explaining the Impact of Leverage and Operating Efficiency on Stock Performance: in Food & Beverage sector in EGX
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Zain, Hassan; Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed
Nowadays, Egypt faces some fluctuations in its stock market due to the instability in firm characteristics, and economic and political conditions which resulted in threatening the survival and growth of the firms. Moreover, In Egypt, we noticed that the food and beverage industry faced some financial distress due to the severe economic circumstances they face which enforced organizations to act proactively against such a dynamic environment to survive in the markets. In the present work, the research aims to examine the impact of leverage and operating efficiency on Egyptian stock return of the listed firms of the food & beverage industry by employing the multiple linear regression for panel data analysis using the period of 2017-2022 on an annual basis, utilizing a sample of 26 listed firms in the stock exchange of Egypt. The results revealed that the leverage and operating efficiency significantly affect the stock return of the listed firms of the food and beverage industry. The leverage has a negative association with stock return while the operating efficiency is positively related.
Exploring Web-Based Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures in Egyptian Firms
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Abouelsaoud, Ahmed Emadeldin Abdelhameed; Mahmoud, Mahmoud Osama; Sadek, Ahmed Mohammed
In all humility before Allah, the compassionate and the most merciful who bestowed us with heart to feel and a brain to think, so that we know what we do not. All respect and praises to the Holy Prophet Muhammed (Salla Allah Alaih wasallam), who came as light of knowledge for all seekers and real role model for all mankind. We are thankful to our supervisor Dr. Dalia Kaoud for her inspiring guidance, kind attitude, co-operation throughout the study and keen interest in each and every step. We are also deeply indebted to our external examiner Dr. Mohamed Selim. Special thanks to our teaching assistants Amira Omar, Habiba Ezzat, & Asmaa Deif-allah for their dedication in providing time, patience, and continuous support.
Factors Affecting Youth Preferences of Product Customization vs. Standardization: Application on Nike
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Atef, Doaa; Ayman, Salma; Samir, Mohammed
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate Factors Affecting Youth Preferences of Product Customization vs. Standardization: Application on Nike. Methodology: Researchers used secondary data for collecting more information on the research topic (Articles, journals, and books) and primary data for the reason of measuring the relationship between the variables by assessing the results of the conducted Arabic & English questionnaires among 213 participants that consists of 93 Males and 120 Females and the results were computed using the IBM’s statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) then analyzed by researchers to make the numbers become more meaningful. Findings: The findings indicate that there is a moderate positive relationship between Consumer preference of customization and self-identification and studies that supported the results. They also indicate a weak positive relationship between Consumer preference of customization and perceived risk. In addition, there is a moderate positive relationship between consumer preference of customization and Need for Uniqueness and a consistency with the results and the studies. Correspondingly, there is a moderate positive relationship between consumer preference of customization and Customized Product Quality. Implications: This research recommends for Nikes website to add more creative options for consumers to express themselves such as personality test to connect and get more information about the consumers also suggestion bar for consumers to share their thoughts so Nike can better understand their consumers. For in-store, it’s recommended to add pickup shipping option on the website for people who cannot wait to get their hands on the item, and also for the skeptical and indecisive individuals an AI machine in the store where consumers customize items and try it “Virtual Try-On for Smart Mirrors” to enhance consumer engagement & emotional attachment.
Financial Constraints and Banks’ Tax Avoidance: A Case of an Emerging Market
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Sherif, Rawan; Fouad, Yara Mohamed; Youssef, Marina Gamal Fouad
Thank go out first and foremost to Almighty God who helped and enabled us to complete this study. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our supervisor, Dr Dalia Kaoud for aiding us throughout this study. Also, we are thankful to Dr. Mohamed Selim for being our examiner. Special thanks to our teaching assistants Amira Omar, Habiba Ezzat and Asmaa Deif-allah for providing us with their knowledge, guidance, advice and support. Special thanks for our family specially our mothers for supporting us throughout our journey
How The Benefits of Brand Image Could Impact Customers’ Attitude. Application on Hadia Ghaleb’s Burkini
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Mohamed, Gehad; Akef, Salma
The aim of this research is to know how the benefits of brand image could impact customers’ attitude applied on Hadia Ghaleb’s burkini, where the independent variable is the benefits of brand image and the dependent variable is the customer’s attitude. The benefits of brand image are functional benefits and symbolic benefits. In this study the researchers used quantitative and qualitative approaches. 205 respondents of online questionnaire were collected through Facebook pages like “her diary”, “about her” and “sugary”. Additionally, researchers collected information through meeting people face to face and make them scan the QR code after asking them the filtering questions. The statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS software. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a significant strong positive relationship between functional benefits of brand image and costumer’s attitude. There is a significant strong positive relationship between symbolic benefits and customer’s attitude, this result is in line with the pervious articles in the literature review. Also, researchers made recommendations for the society and how the social media could be used in a positive way.
The Impact of American Film Industry on Egyptian Teenagers’ Attitude
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) George, Carine; Ahmed, Hana
Purpose: This Research is aiming to study the impact of the American movies industry on Egyptian teenagers’ attitude. Methodology: This research’s data was obtained using both primary and secondary data collection tools for studying and measuring the relationship between the dependent and independent variables which are the Teenagers’ attitudes and American movies. Previous articles were reviewed by the researchers to study how American movies have been changing watchers’ attitudes over the few decades since it was established and how it still has a remarkable impact on its active viewers’ behaviour especially the teenagers who are susceptible according to what they watch while developing their characters. Previous articles also provided insights on how various movie’s types including action, romance, horror, and comedy can influence teenagers’ attitudes in many different ways and how the American culture is imposed in movies leading other cultures to demolish over time. Furthermore, exploratory research was conducted to validate the existence of the research problem through interviewing two experts in the field under investigation. For the quantitative research, the researchers distributed 182 questionnaires among young participants for collecting information. They used IBM’s statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) for analysing the data obtained. Research Findings: The findings of this research indicated that American movies have an undeniable impact on teenagers’ attitude along with their cultural values and their interaction with social surroundings. However, it showed that American movies do not have a great impact on the increased rate of violence.
The Impact of Augmented reality on Customer Satisfaction Area of Application: Ikea Store
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Khaled, Rania; Mohamed, Roulan; Sherif, Mayar
Technology has become very important as it affected every aspect of our life through the past decades. It became so powerful in changing perspectives, creating ideologies and connecting the whole world. Uncountable ways, modern technology has transformed our lives. It has an impact on how people interact with each other, learn things, and think (BAŞYAZICIOĞLU, 2018). Technology has changed everything in our lives nowadays. There is a lot of modern technology to keep track of, that it might be difficult to adapt with. All of these new technologies are intended to simplify your life. This power has also affected the productivity of firms or companies (Grewal, 2020). Recently it has been noticed that technology is highly integrated with marketing. Some technologies are being designed nowadays just to enhance the customer’s experience and overall satisfaction. One of the most popular technologies used in marking is the augmented reality (Poushneh & Vasquez, 2017). Taking into account comprehensive retail strategy and a rise in the multichannel component of purchasing, customers currently don’t distinguish between channels (offline and online); some people prefer e-commerce, while others go for shopping in traditional stores. Although, no doubt that online shopping nowadays is in the non-stop growing phase worldwide. And the reason behind all the things happening in it is to increase the customers’ satisfaction. There has been always a debate between the physical shopping and online one due to the absence of direct product encounters in online and satisfying the needs and wants of the customer. But this research will be supporting the online experience for the customer and not just that but also enhancing it through the technology that is called augmented reality (AR) to reconcile the gap between physical and online shopping (Cuomo et al., 2020).
The Impact of Capital Adequacy and Credit Risk on Banks’ Profitability in Egypt
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2023) Abdullah Saad, Ahmed; Hesham Samy, Sohila
The research aims to investigate the impact of capital adequacy and credit risk on banks’ profitability in Egypt. Also, we measure micro and macroeconomic variables that could have an influence on banks’ profitability such as liquidity risk, bank size, real GDP, and Inflation rate as control variables. While we measured the Banks’ profitability by two indicators, the ROA and ROE. Also, we utilized the sample size of 11 Banks in Egypt and used panel data for the period 2005 to 2015. The random effect regression model is employed as a statistical approach to define the most affected factors. We also examined the relationship between credit risk and capital adequacy on banks’ profitability. As Credit risk is one of the main obstacles in the banking sector, it found that Credit Risk has a significant negative effect on both ROA and ROE which means that the profitability of the banks significantly decreased by credit risk. While capital adequacy is an important predictor of a bank's financial stability and health, it is found that it has a significant positive impact on ROA, but it has a positive and insignificant effect the ROE. Furthermore, the banks’ profitability is greatly influenced by Micro and macroeconomic factors. The research findings suggest that capital adequacy and credit risk have a significant impact on banks' profitability in Egypt. Banks with higher capital adequacy ratios tend to have better profitability, while higher credit risk is associated with lower profitability. Therefore, bank managers should focus on maintaining adequate levels of capital to ensure financial stability and profitability. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of considering micro and macroeconomic factors, such as liquidity risk, bank size, real GDP, and inflation rate when assessing banks' profitability. The findings suggest that bank managers should also pay attention to these factors and take them into account when making decisions about the bank's operations and investments. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the factors that affect banks' profitability in Egypt, which can be used by policymakers, regulators, and bank managers to improve the performance and stability of the banking sector in Egypt.
‘The impact of digitalization on women empowerment in the MENA region from 1992 till 2019’
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Nemr Fouad, Nadra
This research investigates the impact of digitalization on women's empowerment in 21 MENA countries from 1992 to 2019. The study measures women's empowerment using the Female Labor Force Participation Rate and digitalization using Mobile Cellular Subscription and Individuals Using Internet. The results suggest that mobile cellular subscription has a positive and significant impact in the short run but is insignificant in the long run. However, laws and rules in favor of women enhance their empowerment through better access and usage of digitalization, particularly using the internet. The study recommends policymakers focus on implementing laws and policies that support women's empowerment to enhance the effectiveness of digitalization in empowering women
The Impact of E-Government on Economic Growth in European Union Countries
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Mansour, Abeer
The primary aim of e-government is to facilitate the effective delivery of public services and it is claimed to promote the economic growth of the country. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the e-government and the economic growth in European Union countries in addition to the United Kingdom in time period from 2003 to 2021. This paper will examine the effect of e-government on the economic growth through three different set of variables, first ICT variables, second e-government indicators, and finally percentage of population using various types of e-government services variables. The paper used several econometric estimation techniques, namely, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect, Random effect, Generalized Method of Moments, and Generalized Least Squares models. The overall result of this paper is that e-government has a significant positive impact on the economic growth of EU countries.
The Impact of Industrialization on CO2 Emissions in Some selected Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Ali Mohamed, Neama
In recent years, environmental degradation has been the primary source of concern for all countries, especially the industrialized ones. To determine the comprehensive impact of industrialization measured through a share of industry (including manufacturing) as a percentage of GDP in addition to Foreign direct investment (FDI), Trade openness (TO), Gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), and Oil consumption (OIL) on environmental degradation as measured by CO2 emissions, this study used panel data of seven Asian countries from 1990 to 2021 and estimated several models, including a fixed effects model with cross-section weights and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings revealed GDPPC, OIL and TO have a positive relation with CO2 emission in the long run, INDUS and FDI have a negative and insignificant relation with CO2 emissions respectively, while GDPPC2 has a negative relation with CO2 emissions. Most of the results of the long-run ARDL coefficients were similar to the fixed effects model with the exception of the coefficient of industrialization. This study also concludes that the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) and pollution paradise (PH) hypotheses are supported in the selected Asian nations. The key to assuring the quality of the environment, this study concludes, would be the strict implementation of environmental guidelines or the adoption of a new policies for increasing production capacity and trade liberalization at a safe CO2 emission level. Economic expansion is fueled by manufacturing and industrial production, but our study has proved that the impact of oil on CO2 emissions is much stronger than industrialization. To reduce CO2 emission, national policies should be established to identify alternative energy sources, while developing nations should employ clean and ecologically beneficial technologies, and government should increase funding for research and collaborate

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