Faculty Of Pharmacy Graduation Project

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Advanced electrochemical approaches for selective determination of selected drugs in different matrices
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Mohamed El-Saeed Saleh El-Zemaity, Mayar; Mahmoud Fathy, Nada; Maged Halim, Monica; El-Sayed Mohammed, Nancy
Electrochemistry is a science that deals with different methods and techniques used in analytical chemistry by introducing and measuring the relationship between different phases that contain electrons and other phases that contain ions. The movement of those electrons from one element to other leads to the generation of electricity by a reaction called redox reaction. There are three main electrochemical methods including voltammetry, conductometry and potentiometry. Voltammetry is considered to be an approach of the electrochemical methods used in the analytical chemistry as it shows a lot of information about the analyte by measuring the relationship between voltage, current and time that arise in the cell. This cell consists of three electrodes which are counter electrode, working electrode and references electrode. There are many types of voltammetry that are classified according to the change in potential such as linear sweep voltammetry, staircase voltammetry, normal pulse voltammetry, deferential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and stripping voltammetry. Moreover, screen printed electrode is a modified type of carbon paste electrode. It is an appropriate technique because no complex or expensive tools are required, and printer operations are quick and fast. It was used for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir. The stock standard solutions of both drugs were prepared of concentration (1.0×10 −3 M). acetate buffer, phosphate buffer and working electrode were also prepared. Positive increase in the electric current by increasing the voltage was found which indicated the oxidation process for both penciclovir and entecavir. After the determination of optimization factors, it was found that penciclovir followed diffusion phenomena. While entecavir was found to follow adsorption with diffusion phenomena. Furthermore, the most suitable pH for the determination of penciclovir and entecavir were found to be 5 and 8 respectively where the highest current occurred. Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) was constructed to optimize the voltametric determination of both drugs. The test of three screen printed electrodes were done in order to test for the analysis of both drugs which are screen-printed multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode (SMWCNTE), Screen-printed Nano Platine Electrode (SNPE) and Screen-printed Nano Gold Electrode (SNGE).
Advanced Extraction Protocol(s) for Analysis of Selected Antiviral Drug(s) (Entecavir).
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2022) Yaser, Ahmed; Alaaeldin, Hosam; Saber, Mahetab Osama; Eissa, Mennaallah Mohamed
Entecavir (ENT) which have a structure that contain a guanosine nucleoside analog, is used as antiviral medication because of it is selectivity toward the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) that will inhibit it. A shift or earlier combination of lamivudine with ENT will result less resistance, comparable safety and more successful viral suppression compared to monotherapy, according to a clinical guideline. Additionally, there are several ways that ENT might degrade. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare certain materials to extracting the ENT. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIP) were created for this use through precipitation polymerization using the non-covalent method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterise the polymer. The TEM results showed that polymer particles have a spherical shape and homogeneous size. Studies on ENT degradation by oxidation, basic and acidic force were performed. The stated drug, including its co-administered medication (lamivudine), and its breakdown products, were extracted from spiked plasma of human using the MIP. Using a recently developed HPLC technique that used a C18 column, gradient elution from the mobile phase made up of 0.1 percent phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in water : methanol with such flow rate of 1 ml/min, and UV absorbance around 254 nm, all eluents were examined. Forced degradation experiments were used to demonstrate the method's specificity as well as stability-indicating capacity. When MIP's selectivity was compared to that of ENT itself and degradation products, the difference was highly noticeable. Additionally, ENT was effectively extracted out from spiked plasma of human using MIP like an extractant, with such recovery rate of 88.32%
Advanced Extraction Protocol(s) for Analysis of Selected Antiviral Drug(s) (Entecavir).(RSPAC2.4)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2024) Yaser, Ahmed; Alaaeldin, Hosam; Saber, Mahetab Osama; Eissa, Mennaallah Mohamed
Abstract : Entecavir (ENT) which have a structure that contain a guanosine nucleoside analog, is used as antiviral medication because of it is selectivity toward the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) that will inhibit it. A shift or earlier combination of lamivudine with ENT will result less resistance, comparable safety and more successful viral suppression compared to monotherapy, according to a clinical guideline. Additionally, there are several ways that ENT might degrade. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare certain materials to extracting the ENT. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIP) were created for this use through precipitation polymerization using the non-covalent method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterise the polymer. The TEM results showed that polymer particles have a spherical shape and homogeneous size. Studies on ENT degradation by oxidation, basic and acidic force were performed. The stated drug, including its co-administered medication (lamivudine), and its breakdown products, were extracted from spiked plasma of human using the MIP. Using a recently developed HPLC technique that used a C18 column, gradient elution from the mobile phase made up of 0.1 percent phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in water : methanol with such flow rate of 1 ml/min, and UV absorbance around 254 nm, all eluents were examined. Forced degradation experiments were used to demonstrate the method's specificity as well as stability-indicating capacity. When MIP's selectivity was compared to that of ENT itself and degradation products, the difference was highly noticeable. Additionally, ENT was effectively extracted out from spiked plasma of human using MIP like an extractant, with such recovery rate of 88.32%.
Advantages of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Regenerative Medicine
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Mohamed Anis, Abdul Rahman; Mohsen Ahmad, Mai; Gamal Abd EL-Nasser, Omar
This study aimed at Evaluation of effect of Different surface modifications of 3D printed PCL scaffolds on the immunogenicity of mesenchymal stem cells Aim: The aim of this study was the isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells )MSCs (from dental pulp .and testing the effect of different surface modifications of polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane on the immunogenicity of MSCs. Methods: This In vitro study aimed at first for the isolation of MSCs from dental pulp tissue by enzyme digestion method and expanding them in culture. Second, studying of the immune phenotype of stem cells by flow cytometric analysis when exposed to surface modified scaffolds used for tissue regeneration. Data was reported as mean ± standard error. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft (MS) Office Excel Software. One-way ANOVA was used to asses for differences between groups, and p values were calculated by Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05 Data was reported as mean ± standard error.
Analysis of laboratory biochemical results using AI aided model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prediction
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Abdelwahab, Aya Mohamed; Ragab, Mariam Khaled; Hafez, Mina Hany; Fawaz, Salma Ashraf
The aim of this study is to correlate between both Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an attempt of integrating them in the diagnosis protocol for HCC with the help of an artificial intelligence models. samples were collected and prepared by third partner SHEFAA ALORMAN hospital. Then RNA was extracted using specific extraction kits. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used later to determine specific RNA concentration in previously prepared samples. Different models were created using different trial of several data sets. The data sets were integrated into several algorithms, the non-AI traditional results showed low accuracy but by integrating the artificial intelligence in the diagnosis it enhanced the accuracy. The data was presented as mean ± SD where the results of LINC00853 were 29.92 ± 0.006711 with sensitivity and specificity of 97.14% and 95.71% respectively. The results of HULC were 20.49 ± 11.29 with sensitivity 95.71% and specificity 94.29%. Firstly, a model was built by using traditional data (ALT, AST, Total bilirubin and Serum albumin) and showed a higher accuracy than traditional results. Secondly by the evaluation of the value of addition of AFP to the previous parameters and it was d found that the accuracy increased when compared to the model that was trained with the traditional data only. Finally, in order to increase the accuracy of the data integration of novel LncRNAs (Highly up regulated in a liver cancer (HULC)-long intergenic non protein coding 853(LINC00853)) was done where it showed promising result. To conclude the novel LncRNAs biomarkers confirmed their potentiality as a diagnostic tool for HCC diagnosis and their integration in AI model increased the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis when compared to traditional data alone.
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED VETERINARY DRUGS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND/OR TISSUES
(October university for modern sciences and arts, 2023) Hamed, Ahmed Gamal; Mohammed, Mariam Hani; Rezk, Mohamed Ashraf; Helmi, Rana Ahmed
Aim Poultry are great sources of protein and other important nutrients for our body. So, poultry should be included as a part of a balanced diet. Residues of veterinary drugs in poultry meat have serious health effects on humans (e.g., antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenicity, and hypersensitivity), making controlling veterinary drug residues an important parameter in ensuring consumer protection. Hence, it is important to study the withdrawal time of these drugs in chicken tissues. Materials and Methods This work was performed to quantitatively determine a co-formulated veterinary formulation namely, Coccimix®, consisting of two sulfonamides (Sulfadimidine sodium and Sulfaquinoxaline sodium), in addition to Diaveridine, and Vitamin K3 in different tissues of broiler chickens including muscles (breast and thigh) and liver. The chickens were treated with the recommended dose of Coccimix® formulation. The analysis was done by solvent extraction for clean-up of samples from the tissue matrix, followed by HPLC-MS/MS method using Agilent C18 4.6*50 mm 2.7-Micron as a stationary phase and a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in water (85: 15 v/v) with positive electrospray ionization. Results The proposed method was validated according to FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. The residues of the four components declined to reach levels lower than MRLs over a period of 7 days. Both sulfonamides and Diaveridine were found to be more persistent in liver tissues than muscle tissues. Conclusion It is recommended to monitor the withdrawal (elimination), especially for antibiotics, before marketing to ensure the hygienic suitability of broilers edibles for safe human consumption
Anti-cellulite herbal product(s) , fabrication, characterization and pharmacological evaluation (RSPHO 2.5)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Alaa Mohamed, Dina; Ahmed Mohamed, Rawan; Youssef Hassan Salama, Reham
Skin is a very large organ playing an important role in the vital functions of the human body. Cellulite is one of the most annoying aesthetic issue women face after puberty that doesn't have a fully successful treatment. It's a disorder of irregularity of skin that loses its smooth appearance and manifest as orange peel appearance. The exact pathophysiology of cellulite is not fully explained and that delays the discovery of treatments. The suggested mechanisms of action of cellulite discuss the gender related factor controlling cellulite major appearance in women and rare occurrence in men. This study is to evaluate the use of the novel microneedle pharmaceutical preparation containing the extracts of tamarindus indica and vitex agnus castus, owing to their antioxidant and hypolipidemic action. The new strategy in management of cellulite was done on 24 female guinea pigs that were divided into 4 groups, one group was control group, 3 of the groups received high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) for 4-6 weeks and, one group received tamarindus indica microneedle preparation, and last one group received the vitex agnus castus preparation. The parameters measured will assess the skin properties, measure hormonal changes (adiponectin), BMI and Weight, Histopathological examination (dryness, elasticity, thickness, number of fat cells), inflammatory markers: MPO , TNF - α , micro vascular flow such as nitric oxide , and antioxidant activity : GSH and MDA . Results showed that HFCS increased body weight and elevated oxidative stress as well as increased inflammation , both characteristics related to cellulite. Regarding the microneedles formulation, they possessed power anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Tamarindus indica formulation was more potent than vitex - agnus castus concerning anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Therefore , these results were correlated with pharmacognosy department results involving : antioxidant effect , anti-inflammatory effect , and anti-collagenase activity. يوجد العديد من المستحضرات الموضعيه المضادة للسيوليت في السوق التجاري ولكن فاعلية هذه المستحضرات لم تثبت علميا. ويتركز الهدف فى دراسة تطوير قرص به مجموعة من االبر الصغيرة بحجم الميكرو المصنوعة من عديدات الجزيئات ذاتية الذوبان واالنتفاخ والقابلة للتحلل والمحتوية علي مستخلص أوراق نبات التمر هندي و كف مريم وهذه التقنية أكثر أمانا وغير مؤلمه ويمكن استخدامها بدال من الحقن بالألبر تحت الجلد. و قد تمت دراسة كمية و كيفية للمعادن الموجودة فى كل من المستخلص الكحولى لكل من نبات كف مريم )العائلة الشفوية( والتمر هندى )العائلة البقولية( باستخدام طريقة االمتصاص الذرى حيث أظهر النباتين وجود النحاس و الزنك و السيلينيوم بكميات كبيرة. كذلك تمت دراسة قدرة النباتين على مسح الجذور الحرة باستخدام تحليل DPPH و قد ظهرت فاعليتهما كمضادات لألكسدة و المترابطة بالمحتوى العالى لكل من الفينوالت و الفالفونيدات و الذى تم اثباته من خالل التحليل اللونى. و قد أظهر النباتين كذلك تأثير مضاد للكوالجين و كان التأثير طرديا اعتمادا على الجرعات. تم تصنيع األقراص التي بها مجموعة من االبر الصغيرة بحجم الميكرو عن طريق قوالب مخصوصة وذلك باستخدام عديدات جزيئات مختلفة والتي تم اختيارها اعتمادا علي الثقوب التي في حجم الميكرو والتي تم احداثها في جلد الحيوان بعد أن تم وضع خمس صيغ مختلفة من هذه األقراص خالية من المستخلص النباتي وتم الكشف عنها باستخدام مجهر يعمل بالمسح االلكتروني. تم اختيار ألجينات الصوديوم لصنع أقراص
Anti-diabetic Activity of Plants Belong to family Lythraceae (RS 502)(RSPG2.9)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Abd El-Samie, Hebat allah; Ali Mohamed, Noran; Ramadan Darwish, Salwa; Elsayed mohammed, Tasneem
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder which occurs due to deficiency of insulin leading to hyperglycemia with serious complications. So controlling blood glucose level is essential however synthetic drugs lead to serious adverse effect especially during pregnancy. So it has become our interest to find natural plant sources with similar antidiabetic activity but with lower side effect compared to synthetic drugs. Many plants belong to family Lythraceae have been previously reported for their antidiabetic activity due to their high phenolic content which have been reported to have antioxidant activity and the onset of diabetes is related to the increased oxidative stress. In view of this fact, a lot of Lythraceous plants have become our interest to estimate its in vitro antidiabetic activity and trying to find about the plant extract with the highest activity in order to investigate its in vivo antihyperglycemic effect. Ammannia aegyptiaca Willd. showed the highest pancreatic lipase, α- amylase and β-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In addition, it showed the highest free radical scavenging activity on (DPPH) and (ORAC) assay with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Experimenting on animals has been one of the effective strategies to develop new drugs, thus the in vivo antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated for the EtOH extract of this plant in STZ/HFD-induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats. Where, EtOH extract showed significant antihyperglycemic effect and its metabolic profiling was studied using LC-MS.
Anti-obesity activity of the aqueous extract of Moringa Olifera herbal teas family Moringaceae (RSPB2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hesham, Ahmed; Sayed, Huda; Salah, Martha; Ibrahim, Mohamed
Obesity is a serious condition in which body fats are excessively accumulate in the body and associated with several comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis. Moringa olifera is a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of conditions like arthritis, constipation, hypertension. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa olifera herbal teas as Moringa olifera alone and in combination with lemon and Mentha in a high fat diet induced obesity in rats. Adult male rats were completely randomized in ten groups each compromising six rats. The first group was kept on the normal rodent chow for three months but the rest of groups were kept on a high fat diet for two months. Group number 2 represent obese group, group number 3 was assigned as high fat diet group (HFD), group number 4 represent standard simvastatin treated group (SD) and from group 5 to 10 treated with Moringa olifera aqueous extract, these groups received medicine in different doses and preparations. mRNA expression of FAS was significantly high in HFD group compared to control and significantly decreased in all treated groups. Moringa lemon (ML) 400mg showed prominent effect compared to simvastatin groups. Also, mRNA expression of PPAR alpha was significantly reduced in HFD compared to control and significantly increased in all treated groups. In conclusion, study provides evidence that the aqueous extracts of Moringa olifera and its combinations have antiobesity effect.
ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY OF THE AQUOEUS EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLIFERA HERBAL TEAS FAMILY MORINGACEAE (RSPG2.6)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ahmed Elfawal, Alaa; Gamal Rabea, Elbadry; Mohamed Elsied, Mrehan; Adel Mohamed, Noha
Obesity is a serious disease, means specifically to have an abnormal high proportion of fat, It is a common complex, multifactorial dependent and largely preventable disease. This metabolic disease results from lack of physical activity, excessive eating, gall stone, frequency of pregnancy, physiological factors or it may be inherited. If it left untreated it may lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular, lung diseases, arthritis and cancer. Nowadays people tend to replace conventional methods of treatment including drugs and surgeries with herbal medicine due to its effective cost and reduced side effects. One of the effective herbal plants is Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae).The aim of this study is to conduct a phytochemical investigation of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera herbal teas as M. oleifera alone, M. oleifera with lemon peels and M. oleifera with Mentha leaves. In addition to evaluate their anti-obesity and antihypercholesterolemic activities in a high fat diet induced obesity model in rats. Chromatographic analyses using LC-ESI-MS-MS apparatus revealed that the common major compounds found in M. oleifera alone, M. oleifera with lemon peels and M. oleifera with Mentha leaves extracts were Quercetin , Spiraeoside and L-Phenylalanine. This in vivo study was tested using daily oral doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 1 month and compared to Simvastatin. All extracts possessed a good antiobesity activity.
Anticancer Activity of Cardiac Glycosides from Acokanthera Species withEmphasis on Their Mechanism of Action
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Abdeldayem, Ahmed; Said Alsaka, Amr; Mohamed, Mostafa; Ayman, Mayar
Cancer is a disease the cause a wide and huge mortality ratio all over the world especially lung cancer of NSCLC type. Because of the severe side effects of traditional chemotherapy and its severe side effects, the attention now is directed towards identification of anticancer activity of natural products such as cardiac glycosides. In this study, the major cardiac glycosides in Acokantheraoppostifolia plant were isolated and then tested for several investigations of anticancer activity on A549 cells and also evaluated for effects induced when these cardiac glycosides were combined with the traditional chemotherapeutic agents used as treatment for (NSCLC) Non-small cell lung cancer. The plant was extracted by 95% ethanol then fractionation and isolation resulted in 500mg of white needle crystals of cardiac glycosides which were identified through NMR spectroscopy that indicate to a major cardiac glycoside called Acovenoside A. several anticancer investigation were done for the isolated cardiac glycosides and the traditional chemotherapy and for combinations of them as viability and cytotoxicity assays. Investigations on cardiac glycosides indicated to IC50 of 395.901ug/ml while IC50 of taxol and carboplatin were 66.07ug/ml and 230.18ug/ml respectively with significant reduction in cell viability. Same investigations were done for different combination protocola as taxol and carboplatin that result in reduction in cell viability to 87.5%, 85.38%, 95.4% and 95.67%. While other combinations that include cardiac glycoside with taxol result in reduction in cell viability to 32.3% but with carboplatin results in 49.15% cell viability. The triple combination that include the three drugs results in 21.09% cell viability which indicate to the value of adding cardiac glycoside to the regimen. Flowcytometic analysis was done by Annexin V-FITC Assay Protocol that proved that cardiac glycoside in combinations induce preG apoptosis and cell growth arrest in different cell cycle phases depending on the composition of the combination.
Anticellulite Herbal Product: Fabrication, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation (RSPG2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Nabil Makram, Mariem; Gamal Agaban, Maykel; Mohammed Kamal, Yasmin
Cellulite is a real problem that affects women and her feeling of well-being. Anticellulite products have different mechanisms including, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-collagenase and promoting lipolysis. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of two plant species (Vitex agnus-castus and Tamarindus indica) for their possible effect as an anticellulite herbal remedy. V. agnus-castus (F.Lamiaceae) and T. indica (F.leguminosae) were extracted with 70% methanol then fractionated using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate. Mineral content of the aqueous methanolic extract was estimated using atomic absorption spectrometer whereas both plants showed a high level of copper, zinc, and selenium while V.agnus-castus prevailed in its chromium, manganese and iron contents. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays and determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents. Both species showed high contents with higher values for T.indica. Free radical scavenging activity was tested for all fractions using 2,2 diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. T.indica showed a powerful antioxidant activity and an IC50 comparable to ascorbic acid. Collagenase inhibitory activity was determined where both plants showed anti-collagenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Through this study, V. agnus-castus and T. indica showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents correlated with the significant antioxidant and anti- collagenase activities, therefore, offering a promising anticellulite in different mechanisms and a mixture would gain a higher potential. السيلوليت مشكلة حقيقية تؤثر على النساء وشعورهن بالرفاهية منتجات مكافحة السيلوليت لديها آليات مختلفة بما في ذلك ، مضادات الأكسدة ، ومكافحة التهابات ، المضادة للكولاجيناز وتعزيز تحلل الدهون. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو اختبار فعالية نوعين من النباتات (Vitex agnus-castus و Tamarindus indica) لإمكاناتها تأثير كعلاج عشبي لمكافحة السيلوليت. V. agnus-castus (F. lamiaceae) و T. indica تم استخراج (F.leguminosae) مع 70 ٪ من الميثانول ثم مجزأة باستخدام البترول الأثير ، كلوريد الميثيلين ، وخلات الإيثيل. المحتوى المعدني للميثانول المائي استخراج قدرت باستخدام مطياف الامتصاص الذري بدلا من ذلك أظهر كلا النباتات أ مستوى عالٍ من النحاس والزنك والسيلينيوم ، بينما سادت قلعة V.agnus-castus في الكروم ، محتويات المنغنيز والحديد. تم تقدير محتويات الفينول والفلافونويد باستخدام فحوصات اللونية وتحديد حامض الغال وكيرستين. كلا النوعين أظهر محتويات عالية مع قيم أعلى لـ T.indica. كان النشاط الكسح جذرية الحرة تم اختباره لجميع الكسور باستخدام مقايسة 2،2 ثنائي فينيل هيدرازيل (DPPH). أظهرت T.indica نشاط مضاد للأكسدة قوي و IC50 يضاهي حمض الأسكوربيك. كولاجيناز تم تحديد النشاط المثبط حيث أظهر كلا النباتين نشاط مضاد للكولاجيناز في تعتمد على الجرعة. من خلال هذه الدراسة ، أظهرت V. agnus-castus و T. محتويات الفينول والفلافونويد ترتبط مع مضادات الأكسدة الهامة ومضادة لل أنشطة كولاجيناز ، وبالتالي ، توفر السيلوليت واعدة في آليات مختلفة ومن شأن مزيج اكتساب إمكانات أعلى.
Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation and chemical profiling of edible pericarps of phaseolus vulgaris L (RSPHO 1.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Kasban Amen, Abanoub; Safwat Moussa, Amira; Walied Hassan, Dina; Abdelnasser, Maryam
Diabetes is considered a serious metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute insulin deficiency or complete destruction of pancreatic beta cells (Type 1 diabetes) and beta cells receptors resistance (Type 2 DM). Diabetes complications are peripheral vascular diseases, coronary vascular diseases and sexual dysfunction. Conventional drugs cause adverse effects and have high cost. Nowadays, herbal drugs are used due to their natural origin and affordable cost. The study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of phaseolusvulgare L pericarps. Diabetes was induced through a single IP injection of 55 mg /kg of STZ and rats was randomly divided into 6 groups each contain 6 rats Group 1: Normal control (received saline), Group 2: Diabetic control, Group 3: Diabetic group received standard drug glibenclamide (600 ug /kg P.O.) , Group 4: Diabetic group received non polar fraction of phaseolus vulgaris extract (200 mg P.O.), Group 5: Diabetic group received MSCs ( 106 cell /rat IP ) and Group 6 : Diabetic group received both NPF phaseolus vulgaris and MSCs. Phaseolus vulgaris significantly decreases glucose level , MDA, cholesterol and TGs (P<0.005) and significantly increases insulin level , Nitric oxide (NO) and HDL (P<0.005).While stem cells group significantly decreases glucose level, MDA (P<0.005) and slight decrease in cholesterol and no significant decrease in TGs .Combined group shows low glucose & MDA level and increase in insulin , nitric oxide and HDL level . The study showed that NPF phaseolus vulgaris (200mg /kg), stem cells and combined have antidiabetic activity.
Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation and chemical profiling of the edible pericarps of Phaseolus vulgaris L (RSPG2.2)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Tarek Farouk, Asmaa; Mohamed Hussein, Bassant; Mohammed Mohammed, Doaa; Saber Rabei, Ebtehal
The objective of our study is to find a scientific evidence for the traditional use of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, to evaluate the effect of the combination between the plant extract and mesenchymal cells on type I diabetes. The social importance of diabetes mellitus is due to its significant spread in addition to its serious complications. Medicinal plants derived from different traditional systems are now excessively investigated for their effectiveness to facilitate the course of diabetes and its complications. One of such plants is Phaseolus vulgaris L. This plant was used in traditional medicine, for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The in vivo antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated by using the polar and non-polar fractions of the 95% ethanol extract of the dried powder of P. vulgaris pericarps. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the fractions were administered daily for 28 days using the oral route in the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. Another experiment was conducted in STZ-diabetic rats in which the non-polar fraction was tested again at its effective dose 200 mg/kg alone and in combination with intraperitoneal injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells (1000.000 cells/rat i.p). The secondary metabolites of both P. vulgaris pods’ fractions the polar and non-polar fractions were analyzed using LC-MS/MS analysis to have a full picture of their composition. The non-polar fraction at 200 mg/kg showed the highest activity as it caused maximal reduction of serum glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and a significant increase in serum insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The antidiabetic effect of the non-polar fraction of P. vulgaris was highly augmented when injected in combination with the mesenchymal cells. Our work provides a scientific base for the antidiabetic effect of Phaseolus vulgaris L. pericarps which is mainly attributed to its insulin secretagogue effect.
APPLICATION OF LOW FREQUENCY SONOPHORESIS FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF A POLAR DRUG
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Ayman Mahmoud Maklad, Heidi; Emiel Attia Kades, Madonna; Saad Frances Garas El komos, Mariam
The skin provides a suitable area for the administration of many medications. However, the stratum corneum of the skin which consists of lipid matrix of protein rich corneocytes, shows a significant barrier to the penetration of polar drugs across the skin in the transdermal drug delivery systems. This study aims to improve the transdermal delivery of risedronate sodium, a polar drug used for treatment of osteoporosis, by the application of low frequency sonophoresis as a physical enhancer either alone or in combination with oleic acid as a chemical enhancer to potentiate its effect in order to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and avoid the side effects of the conventional route of administration. Ex vivo permeation studies were carried out on excised hairless rat skin over a period of 24 h and drug levels obtained were quantified. The results proved that oleic acid as a chemical enhancer showed slight increase in the transdermal permeation of risedronate sodium with 7.34% drug permeated after 30 min up to 30.5% drug permeated after 24 h, while low frequency sonophoresis as a physical enhancer showed a dramatic increase in skin penetration with 25.96% drug permeated after 30 min up to 80.28% drug permeated after 24 h. Combination of both chemical and physical enhancers showed synergistic effect on skin permeation of risedronate sodium with permeation values ranging from 39.45% after 30 min to 83.49% after 24 h. Furthermore, risedronate sodium loaded non- phospholipid oligolamellar Novasomes containing oleic acid, cholesterol and span 60 were prepared by thin film hydration technique. Characterization of the prepared formulation by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the formed vesicles are spherical in shape with a mean diameter ranging between 207 and 302 nm. Ex vivo permeation study of risedronate sodium loaded novasomes showed 6.24% drug permeated after 30 min to 27.34% after 24 h. Application of low frequency sonophoresis significantly increased permeation to 12.75% after 30 min up to 52.38% after 24 h. Confocal microscopy images depicted enhanced dye penetration through sonophoresis treated skin. Low frequency sonophoresis can be effectively used as a promising technique to actively enhance transdermal delivery of polar drugs. Combination of different enhancement techniques can lead to synergistic effects on drug permeation, providing a safe and effective alternative to oral administration. يوفر الجلد مجالاً مناسباً لتناول العديد من العقاقير. ومع ذلك ، فإن الطبقة القرنية للجلد والتي تتكون من مصفوفة دهنية من الخلايا القرنية الغنية بالبروتين ، تمثل عائقًا كبيرًا لنفاذية العقاقيرالقطبية في نظم التوصيل الدوائي خلال الجلد. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحسين توصيل ريزيدرونات الصوديوم عبر الجلد، وهو عقار قطبي يستخدم لعلاج ترقق العظام ، من خلال تطبيق طريقة الموجات فوق الصوتية منخفضة التردد كمعزز فيزيائي إما بمفرده أو بالاشتراك مع حمض الأوليك كمعزز كيميائي لزيادة تأثيره من أجل زيادة الإتاحة الحيوية للعقار وتجنب الآثار الجانبية لطرق التناول التقليدية. تم إجراء دراسات النفاذية من خلال الجلد خارج الجسم على جلد فئران مستأصل بدون شعر لمدة 04 ساعة وتم تحديد كمية مستويات العقار التي تم الحصول عليها. وقد أثبتت النتائج أن حمض الأوليك كمعزز كيميائي أظهر زيادة طفيفة في نفاذية 0٪ من تغلغل العقار بعد 4. دقيقة و تصل إلى 4.9 .٪ من تغلغل العقار .. ريزيدرونات الصوديوم عبر الجلد بنسبة 4 بعد 04 ساعة ، بينما أظهر تطبيق الموجات فوق الصوتية منخفضة التردد كمعزز فيزيائي زيادة كبيرة في اختراق الجلد 09 ٪ من نفاذية العقار بعد 4. دقيقة تصل إلى 94.09 ٪ بعد 04 ساعة. وأظهر الجمع بين كل من المحسنات .. بنسبة 4 الكيميائية والفيزيائية تأثيرًا تآزريًا على نفاذية ريزيدرونات الصوديوم عبر الجلد مع قيم تغلغل تتراوح بين 49 ...٪ بعد 9٪ بعد 04 ساعة. وعلاوة على ذلك ، تم صياغة نوفازومات وهي جسيمات متناهية الصغر قليلة الطبقات غير دهنية فسفورية محملة بعقار ريزيدرونات الصوديوم والتي تحتوي على حمض الأوليك والكولسترول وسبان 44 بتقنية ترطيب الغشاء الرقيق. أوضح توصيف الصياغات المحضرة بواسطة الفحص المجهري الالكتروني أن الحويصلات المحضرة كروية الشكل ويتراوح قطرها بين 040 و 40 . نانومتر. وأظهرت دراسة النفاذية من خلال 00 ٪ بعد .. الجلد خارج الجسم للنوفازومات المحملة بعقار ريزيدرونات الصوديوم 4.04 ٪ نفاذية بعد 4. دقيقة إلى 4 04 ساعة. وقد أدى تطبيق تنظير الموجات فوق الصوتية منخفضة التردد إلى زيادة كبيرة في النفاذ إلى 10.09 ٪ بعد 90 ٪ بعد 04 ساعة. كما أوضحت صور المسح المجهري بالليزر متعدد البؤر تحسن نفاذية .. 4. دقيقة ليصل إلى 9 الصبغة خلال الجلد المعالج بالموجات فوق الصوتية منخفضة التردد. لذا يمكن استخدام تلك التقنية كأسلوب واعد لتحسين التوصيل الدوائي للعقاقير القطبية من خلال الجلد على نحو فعال. ويمكن أن يؤدي الجمع بين تقنيات تحسين مختلفة إلى تأثيرات تآزرية على نفاذية العقاقير ، مما يوفر بديلاً آمنًا وفعالًا للتناول عن طريق الفم
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology as Tools of Quality by Design Approach for the Enhancement of the Solubility a Poorly Soluble Drug Using Albumin Nanoparticles
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Taha, Huda; Mohamed Hossam, Mahmoud; Mohamed Kamaly, Mahmoud; Khaled, Merna
The aim of the current work is the enhancement of the solubility of a poorly soluble drug using albumin nanoparticles by applying quality by design approach. using several tools as artificial neural network and response surface methodology for the optimization of albumin nanoparticles. Silymarin is an extract of dried milk thistle seed with many uses such as anticancer drug, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent. One of the main problems in the Silymarin that it has poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. This problem could be solved by its formulation in albumin nanoparticles. A complete quality target product profile has been constructed, and Ishikawa diagrams were very beneficial in the risk assessment study. Fractional factorial design was used in the screening, where time of stirring, albumin concentration, pH, drug amount, amount of ethanol and the type of solvent were the critical process parameters/ material attributes (CPP/MA), and were tested on the particle size, polydispersity index and the encapsulation efficiency, which were considered as the critical quality attributes (CQA). Whereas, D-optimal design the response surface design (RSD) and was used for the optimization step, where the drug amount and the albumin concentration were only tested on the same previously measured CQA. Artificial neural network (ANN) was applied, by taking the CPP/MA of the optimization design as the inputs and the measured CQA as the outputs, where the obtained correlation coefficients were compared with that obtained from the RSD,, and was found to be higher than the RSD. Design space and control strategies were generated, where an optimized formula as suggested from software was prepared and its results were compared with the expected ones to calculate the % bias, where the results reasonable agreement indicating the validity of the design. Thus quality by design was found to be a successful approach in the formulation and optimization of albumin nanoparticles loaded with silymarin. ANN showed better results than RSD, which could be used in many applications in industrial formulations.
Assessment of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients (Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prevention) (RS502) (RSPL2.1)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Hesham Fawzy, Lojaine; Akmal El kilany, Nada; Hassan Mahdy, Shrouk; Mohamed Negm, Ibrahim
Background: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment of various breast cancer stages with reduced rates of both relapse and mortality. However their benefits have been limited due to their adverse events ranging from myelosuppression to well-established risk of cardiotoxicity. Aim: Investigate the correlation between incidence of cardiotoxicity and risk factors in breast cancer patients treated with Anthracyclines and outline current strategies for prevention of Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Subjects and Method: 60 breast cancer patients, (stages II&IIIA), with age ranging from 30 to 65 years, newly diagnosed and scheduled for chemotherapy .Our study population were classified into group 1 (30 patients receiving Anthracycline-based chemotherapy) and group 2( 30 patients receiving Trastuzumab combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy). Parameters to be measured: ejection fraction, blood pressure, body mass index, and baseline heart rate to record any case of Heart Failure (HF) following anthracyclines treatment. Results: The main comorbidities related to cardiotoxicity among study population were hypertension (44%), diabetes (31%), obesity (90%), and age above 55 years (48%). Baseline ejection fraction recorded for all patients ranges from (42% to 76%). (26 patients) had already diastolic dysfunction grade 1, but only (4 patients) had a substandard ejection fraction. (13 patients) had changes in chemotherapy regimen based on ejection fraction. Group (1) was associated with a HF incidence rate (6.7%) compared to group (2) having significantly increased HF incidence rate (20%). Conclusions: Group (2) had a significant increased incidence of cardiotoxicity. Our study,among previous studies, shed a light about routine echocardiography prior to anthracycline therapy and might eventually lead to current practice guidelines modifications.
The association of genetic variants with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population (RSPB2.3)
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2019) Ateya Fahem, Madonna; Raouf Fawzy, Maged; Sabry Aziz, Michael; Ahmed Mohammed, Mirna
Diabetes is a disorder in carbohydrate metabolism, and has no ability to produce insulin, thus maintaining appropriate levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin is secreted by beta cells that are located inside the pancreas called carrots from the role of Langerhans.its is to stimulate cells to eat glucose until cells use this sugar-generating energy. Diabetics may have dysfunctional beta cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion or insulin-resistant muscle cells because cells cannot eat glucose. In both cases it will increase glucose in the blood, causing high blood sugar. Blood glucose may accumulate and excrete excess sugar levels in the urine. Because high levels of glucose in the urine, the amount of water excreted will increase, causing high urine volume and frequent urination, as well as feeling hungry and thirsty, also sweetened with honey, "itching, weakness, weight loss. The first type of diabetes, known as insulin-dependent diabetes, usually comes in childhood Type 2 diabetes, called insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs more after the age of forty and more common with increasing age Most cases of diabetes Type II is more common than type 1 diabetes 90% of all cells are strongly linked to obesity, and diabetes is linked to the transformation of genes called KCNQ1, which plays a major role in re-polarization, which is part of the ability to work in muscle tissue. , Suggesting that this vulnerability may be behind the sensitivity to diabetes provided by the allele.The genetic mutation in SNPS (228,328 rupees and 2237,897 rupees) is caused by KCNQ1. Another gene is KCNJ11, which plays a role in the regulation of hormone secretion, for example: insulin , In beta cells. Genetic polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to be associated with increased risk of T2DM. The study is designed to detect risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) that predict the outcome of T2DM and related complications. Peripheral blood samples were collected from diabetics and natural persons. The study was conducted on 60 people. 30 control and 30 diabetes. The blood was collected after taking their consent. We will estimate the level of blood glucose and lipid form by the spectrophotometer and also use PCR technique and serialization method to determine the genetic variables in the KcnQ & KcnJ11 gene
BENEFITS OF LASER USE AS A NEW STANDARD CARE FOR CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
(October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 2018) Ahmed Mahran, Dina; Ahmed Shawki, Ghada; Maher Ibrahim, Monica
Background: Periodontal disease is considered one of the main pathologic diseases occurring in humans. The use of Diode laser in treatment of periodontitis is an innovative opportunities . The aim of study: is examining the new challenging indications of this modern technology for the daily practice of periodontology as new and efficacious alternativefor chronic periodontitis treatment, And comparing its effectiveness with the antimicrobial effect of two newly extracted menthe oils (M. pipperita and spearmint oil). Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from fifteen cases with severe chronic periodontitis were analysed. From each case five samples were collected;control(without treatment), and the other four samples were subjected to alternative conditions of radial firing tip with 1.5 W, or 2Wwith 11% air, 20% water, and pulse duration 60 sec.or 90 sec.. Pocket depths of all periodontal sites were measured.Microbiological smear on blood agar were examined to compare reduction in bacterial count with each condition.In addition antimicrobial effect of each oil Detected Results: showed that 96.79%.of samples exposed to the combined condition of 2 W pulse duration 90 sec.showed the least reduction in bacterial count .Followed by those exposed to 2W for 60sec.where bacterial growth reduced in 96.85% of samples.Bacterial growth shown in 95.11% of samples exposed to1.5Wfor 90 sec.Antimicrobial activity of M. pipperita oil was effective against periodontic pathogens in 71.4% of cases ,where as Spear mint had no Antimicrobial activity. In conclusion: Use of diode laser supports effective treatment of periodontitis and showed a significant reduction of periodontopathic bacteria more than other methods which can maintain good periodontal health.
THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF HERBAL TEA MIXTURE IN HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED OBESITY IN RATS
(MSA university Faculty of pharmacy, 2020) Ibrahim, Esraa; Fawzy, Martina; Ashraf, Perihan; Ahmed, Shaden
Herbal medicine is a common alternative therapy employed in obesity. This study aims to investigate the biochemical effect of herbal tea mixture and its nano-formulation in the treatment of obesity in HFD-induced obese rats. The materials used were the tea mixture, consisting of white, green and Oolong teas, and its nano-formulation. Forty albino male rats are classified into eight groups, each group comprising of five rats were used. In order to induce obesity and initiate the treatment, the following design was followed: Group I: Control fed with normal feed pellets, Group II: High fat diet (HFD) and feed pellets fed for 13 weeks and 28 days, Group III: Stop Diet fed with HFD for 13 weeks, then of feed pellets only for 28 days, Group IV: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group V: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 100 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VI: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days tea Nano mixture of 300 mg/kg was administered orally, Group VIII: HFD-fed for 13 weeks, afterwards, for twenty eight days orlistat of 200 mg/kg was administered orally. The results showed that the levels of TG, VLDL, and glucose in serum were significantly reduced in the treatment groups, while the serum levels of HDL, LDL TC, insulin, creatinine, ALT and AST showed no significant difference. The tea mixture treatment was proven to be more superior to the Orlistat in lowering serum TG and VLDL levels. In the ELISA analysis, serum leptin levels were decreased and serum adiponectin levels were increased in the treatment groups. In qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of Sirt1 and PPARγ genes was increased in the treatment groups, with a higher increase given by the nanoformulated mixture. Also, the expression of TNFα and ADD1/SREBP-1c was reduced in treatment groups, with a higher decrease given by nanoformulated mixture. These findings suggests that the tea mixture and its nanoformulation can treat obesity by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase, reduction in leptin and increase in adiponectin, regulation of genes, Sirt1 and PPARγ, that induce lipolysis, and decrease in SREBP-1c and TNFα, decreasing inflammation and adipogenesis.

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