Browsing by Author "Tadros, Samer A"

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Protective effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on the initiation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in albino rats
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023-03) Fahim, Sally A; Ibrahim, Samar; Tadros, Samer A; Badary, Osama A
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a hepatocarcinogen, is found in a variety of smoked and fried foods and was reported to be hepatotoxic in mice. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a potent antioxidant used in cosmetic formulations and as a food additive and preservative. As a result, BHT was studied as a potential inhibitor in the early stages of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)- induced HCC. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were equally subdivided. Group 1 was the negative control; Group 2 and 3 administered BHT and DEN, respectively; Group 4 received BHT followed by DEN. Blood samples and rat livers were taken for biochemical and histological investigation. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased liver enzymes and HCC indicators, along with reduced antioxidant and pro-apoptotic factors. AFP, AFPL3, GPC3, GSH, SOD, MDA, CASP3 and BAX expression increased significantly after DEN treatment. DEN also reduced GPx, CAT, and CYP2E1 activity, and BCl-2 expression. Moreover, in the hepatic parenchyma, the DEN caused histological alterations. Pretreatment with BHT enhanced antioxidant status while preventing histopathological and most biochemical alterations. BHT pretreatment suppresses DEN-initiated HCC by decreasing oxidative stress, triggering intrinsic mitotic apoptosis, and preventing histopathological changes in liver tissue.
Significance of Some Non-Invasive Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis and Staging of Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients
(Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2022-10) Motawi, Tarek MK; Zakhary, Nadia I; Darwish, Hebatallah A; Abdullah, Hassan; Tadros, Samer A
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most relevant malignancies among women. Early diagnosis and accurate staging of breast cancer is important for the selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy and achieving a better outcome. Aim: This study aimed to explore the significance of some non-invasive biomarkers in the early diagnosis and staging of Egyptian breast cancer patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 135 female patients with physically and pathologically confirmed breast cancer and 40 unrelated controls as well as 40 patients with benign breast mass were enrolled in this study. The malignant breast cancer group was further divided into four groups according to tumor size. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1), resistin and visfatin were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results: Elevated levels of CEACAM1, resistin and visfatin were observed in breast cancer patients when compared with normal control and benign groups. The cutoff values, sensitivities and specificities of these biomarkers were appropriate for the discrimination of breast cancer from controls. Additionally, the serum levels of visfatin increased positively with tumor size and consequently with breast cancer stages. Conclusion: CEACAM1, resistin and visfatin are valuable in early diagnosis of breast cancer, with visfatin being preferentially used in staging.
Suppressive effects of thymoquinone on the initiation stage of diethylnitrosamine hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
(Wiely, 01/04/2022) Ibrahim, Samar Salah; Fahim, Sally A; Tadros, Samer A; Badary, Osama A
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death globally. Chemoprevention is the most effective technique for reducing HCC incidence. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic activities against various cancers. Therefore, TQ was tested as an inhibitor of the initial phase of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCC in rats. Twenty‐four male Wistar albino rats were randomly placed into four equal groups. Group 1 received saline and acted as the negative control; Group 2 received TQ; Group 3 received DEN; and Group 4 received TQ for 7 days and DEN on the 8th day. After 24 h of fasting, blood samples were taken from the slaughtered rats. Additionally, each rat's liver was dissected and separated into two halves for histological and biochemical investigation. DEN‐induced hepatotoxicity was detected by elevated hepatic enzymes and HCC biomarkers reduced antioxidant and proapoptotic statuses. DEN administration caused a significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, caspase‐3, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), AFPL3, glypican 3, and the expression of BAX. However, DEN significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and CYP2E1 and the expression of BCl‐2. Furthermore, it caused histological changes and showed a strong positive GSH S‐transferase P expression in the hepatic parenchyma. Pretreatment with TQ prevented the histopathological and most of the biochemical changes and improved the antioxidant status. TQ supplementation appears to suppress the development of DEN‐initiated liver cancer by reducing oxidative stress, activating the intrinsic mitotic apoptosis pathway, and retaining the antioxidant enzymes
Thymoquinone Suppresses Angiogenesis in DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting miR-1-3p Thymoquinone Suppresses Angiogenesis in DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting miR-1-3p
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-11) Tadros, Samer A; Attia, Yasmin M.; Maurice, Nadine W.; Fahim, Sally A.; Abdelwahed, Fatma M.; Ibrahim, Samar; Badary, Osama A. R
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by its high vascularity and metastasis. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bio-active constituent of Nigella sativa, has shown anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. TQ’s anticancer effect is mediated through miRNA regulation. miR-1-3p plays a significant role in various cancers but its role in HCC invasiveness remains poorly understood. Bio-informatics analysis predicted that the 30 -UTR of TIMP3 is a target for miR-1-3p; Rats were equally divided into four groups: Group 1, the negative control; Group 2 received TQ; Group 3 received DEN; and Group 4 received DEN after pretreatment with TQ. The expression of TIMP3, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF in rats’ liver was determined immunohistochemically. RT-qPCR was used to measure the miR-1-3p level in rats’ liver, and TIMP3, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF in the HepG2 cells after being transfected with miR-1-3p mimic or inhibitor; In rats pretreated with TQ, a decreased expression of MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF, and increased expression levels of TIMP3 and miR-1-3p were detected. Treating the HepG2 cells with miR-1-3p mimic led to the upregulation of TIMP3 and downregulation of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF, and showed a significant delay in wound healing; These results suggested that the anti-angiogenic effect of TQ in HCC may be mediated through the regulation of miR-1-3p.