Browsing by Author "Salman, Doaa"

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An alarm for the potential 2020 recession and itsâ€™ impacts on the developing countries: Evidence from Egypt
(Bussecon International, 2019) Salman, Doaa
An alarm for the potential 2020 recession and itsâ€™ impacts on the developing countries: Evidence from Egypt المؤلفون Doaa M Salman Abdou تاريخ النشر 2019 مجلة Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) المجلد 1 الإصدار 2 الصفحات 33-37 الناشر Bussecon International الوصف This article review provides an insight into the main signals that will be responsible for the coming recession that will start from developed countries and will reflect negatively on developing countries that witness a decreasing level of development. The paper starts with the main seven signals that will initiate the recession. The second section will provide an analysis of the applied procedures and the economic reform that the government adopted to attract investment to overcome the previous and the coming challenges. Finally, the paper provides future expectations and paths for developing countries to overcome the recession.
Application on Game Theory: Cement Industry in Egypt - Arabian Cement Company
(open science, 7/25/2018) Salman, Doaa; Sherif El Adaway, Nadeen
This research paper explores the cement industry in Egypt by overlooking the history of the industry and taking the Arabian cement company as an example. The cement industry in Egypt is performing price discrimination as a result of the high market power that the firms have. To understand more about price discrimination and game theory, a literature review has been made in the paper about is price discrimination, the types of price discrimination, game theory, strategies of game theory and relation between price discrimination and game theory. Last but not least, a case study about the industry in Egypt is made during the period of 2013-2017, and it was concluded that the cement market in Egypt is an oligopoly and third degree price discrimination is done by competitors in the market and game theory strategies are applied.
An assessment to the oligopoly cement industry in Egypt: is it a curse or a blessing?
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2017) Salman, Doaa
The purpose of this case study is to investigate the Egyptian cement industry’s role in growth and development. Cement plays a crucial role in meeting societies’ demand for real estate and construction materials. In many emerging countries and especially those characterised by an increasing rate of population, consumption of cement will continue. This present case study aims to estimate the pollution load for the cement industry in Egypt using an industrial pollution projection system (IPPS). This estimation will provide an assessment of the effects of industrial pollution in Egypt, and to analyse the market’s driving forces and to guide the government with information to priorities its objectives with regard to the competing demands of pollution, growth and development.
BRICS Challenges: Economic Position, Tourism and Environmental
(open science, 2018-06) Salman, Doaa; Sherif El Adaway, Nadeen
This paper compares Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) by over viewing various aspects answering the question of whether there is a relation between economic growth, tourism and environmental conditions of a country. First, we review the literature concerning the tragedy of common resources by analysing and criticizing Hardin article “The tragedy of the commons”. The literature emphasises on the negative impacts of tourism on the environment and how that affects the country common resources in each country. Last but not least, a comparison between the five countries of BRICS by overlooking the economic position, importance of tourism, role of tourism and the major environmental issues of each country and their consequences. It was concluded that all the countries in BRICS are showing positive economic growth and tourism plays a role in that and it is predicated that they will have a massive economic power over the world, however the countries suffer from vital environmental issues. India, China and South Africa are the lowest three countries in BRICS in terms of environmental quality and pollution.
Catalyst for Empowering Women and Boosting Gender Equality in South Mediterranean Countries: The case of Egypt
(FEMISE, 2019) Salman, Doaa; Bassim, Mohga
This policy brief proposes and recommends further policies to urgently, strengthen the current quest for empowering women and for reducing inequality in the Mediterranean countries and specifically in Egypt. It seeks to provide a policy-mix for additional policies that also contribute in achieving sustainable development.
Causes and Effects for Feminization Segregation
(open science, 12/19/2018) Salman, Doaa; Amr Hosny, Nadeen
Development of any nation requires specific aspects to be fulfilled. One of these aspects is Gender Equality. Gender equality is having an equal treatment between men and women in all aspects whether economic, political or social aspects. Recently, the concept of Gender Equality began to be accepted globally. Although many countries successfully achieved gender equality, yet still many countries are lagging behind and suffer from feminization segregation. Feminization segregation is mainly concentrated in the Middle Eastern countries. So, the purpose of this paper is to tackle the phenomena of feminization segregation in three Middle Eastern countries which are: Egypt, Jordan and Turkey. Also, the objective of this paper is to examine whether these three countries tried to solve feminization segregation by adopting different policies or not. Accordingly, this paper focused on examining specific indicators to study to what extent the problem still exists. These indicators included: Female Labor Force (%), the global gender gap index and the gender inequality index. Our analysis proved that there were policies adopted in these three countries that succeeded in improving the amount of segregation. But, such measures were not enough to solve the whole problem. Finally, feminization segregation is a serious phenomenon that does not only need some policies to be adopted but also needs the mentalities of the people to change. Also, it needs the awareness of the people to increase to be aware of the serious consequences of feminization segregation.
Comparative therapeutic effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) naturally infected with bronchopneumonia: a randomized clinical trial
(SPRINGER, 2017) Abdo Rizk, Mohamed; Elsayed Mahmoud, Motamed; Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Shimaa; Salman, Doaa
In the current study, we compared the therapeutic effects of a non-steroidal and a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the blood of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves naturally infected by bronchopneumonia. Twenty-seven buffalo calves (7 ± 2-month-old, 163 ± 12 kg) reared in smallholder farms in El-Dakahlia province in Egypt were identified to have bronchopneumonia and randomly allocated into three equal groups. Ten clinically healthy buffalo calves with negative bronchoalveolar lavage results were served as negative control. Diseased calves were treated with tulathromycin alone, a combination of tulathromycin with dexamethasone (steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) or tulathromycin with flunixin meglumine (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug). The results revealed significant elevations (P < 0.05) in the production of selected cytokines in all diseased calves in comparison with healthy animals. Six days post-treatment, a significant inhibition (P < 0.05) in the production of all assessed cytokines was observed in the blood of all treated calves. Interestingly, the serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-12p40 were returned to the normal levels in pneumonic calves treated with the combination therapy of tulathromycin and flunixin meglumine. A strong significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) was detected between clinical sum scoring and IL-12p40 and TNF-α concentrations. The obtained results indicate the selectively potent anti-inflammatory effect of flunixin meglumine on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in pneumonic buffalo calves and highlight the efficacy of flunixin meglumine in the treatment of bronchopneumonia in buffalo calves when used in combination with tulathromycin
Determinants of FLFP and its impact on economic growth evidence from: Egypt, Germany, and Pakistan
(semanticscholar, 2019) Salman, Doaa
[PDF] من semanticscholar.org Determinants of FLFP and its impact on economic growth evidence from: Egypt, Germany, and Pakistan المؤلفون DS Abdou, D Shalaby تاريخ النشر 2019 مجلة Sociol Int J المجلد 3 الإصدار 2 الصفحات 203-209 الوصف The main aim of the following paper is discussing the gender wage discrimination and the impact of an increase in the female labor force participation on economic growth. A comparative study between Egypt and Germany is presented in order to determine the conditions of the female labor market and its wide gender wage gap (GWG) in both countries in addition to its driving forces. Moreover, the reader would be capable of determining how each of Egypt and Germany deal with the problem of wide GWG through previously implemented initiatives and why didn’t they succeed. Eventually, the reader would be capable of concluding the result of the research paper, which asserts that the increase in FLFP enhances economic growth. This will be determined through a case study on Pakistan which proves the paper’s stance.
Driving Forces of Wage Gap and its impact on Female Participation on Economic Growth: Evidence from in Egypt, Malaysia and Pakistan
(Juniper publishers, 2/14/2019) Salman, Doaa; Shalaby, Dina; Nasr, Naglaa; Nasser, Heidy
This research paper tackles the determinants of wage differentials and wage inequality in Egypt and Malaysia, as well as their impacts on the economy. However, women tend to be so discriminated up until now, despite the enormous development we have been through, they still get paid less than men. Therefore, this paper aims to know the role of women and how they influence economic growth. Moreover, the study is carried upon the period 1990-2017. The paper concludes that education and human capital have a great role in determining wages and acquiring women an opportunity of getting higher earnings. Closing the wage gap is somehow hard for Egypt as it is a low-income country. While, Malaysia showed a downward trend in the female participation rate in the labor market in 2006 than in 1992 for different cultural perspectives and obstacles facing women in the Malaysian labor market. Furthermore, women turned to have a positive impact on economic growth according to the Feminization U’ Model. Also, we used Belgium and Pakistan as a case study to reflect how they overcame gender discrimination in wage pay due to different policies they implemented and trade unions they joined.
The Dynamics of Digitalization and Women’s Empowerment in the MENA Region
(الجمعية العربية للبحوث الإقتصادية, 2023-09) Salman, Doaa; Nemr, Nadra; Fayez, Silvana Wafiq
This paper examines the link between digitalization and women’s empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using panel data from 21 countries between 1992 and 2019. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to analyze the impact of information and communication technology (ICT), specifically mobile phone subscriptions and internet use, on women’s empowerment as measured by the female labour force participation rate. The findings show that mobile phone subscriptions have a positive and significant short- term effect but become insignificant in the long run. In contrast, internet use does not show significant impacts in either the short or long term. However, when considering the interac- tion term, mobile phone subscriptions have a positive and significant impact on women’s empowerment in the long run, although the interaction term itself is negatively significant in the long run. Internet use remains insignificant in both the short and long term, but the interaction term displays a positive and significant relationship with women’s empower- ment in the long run. These results suggest that laws and regulations supporting women’s rights enhance the effectiveness of digitalization, particularly internet use, in promoting women’s empowerment. In conclusion, this study deepens our understanding of the re- lationship between digitalization and women’s empowerment in the MENA region. By considering ICT variables and the moderating role of women-supportive laws, the research underscores the importance of mobile phone subscriptions for long-term women’s empow- erment and highlights the positive influence of legal frameworks in facilitating the impact of digitalization, especially internet use, on women’s empowerment.
Epistemological Implications of the Tragedy of the Commons
(bussecon, 2019) Salman, Doaa; Kamel, Nadine
This paper defines and examines the Garett Hardin’s concept of the Tragedy of the Commons. First, an introductory to the concept is presented along with an extensive critique on Hardin’s 1968 impactful publication. Second, although the tragedy of the commons belies in the field of environmental economics, an extensive research is conducted on how the concept has naturally extended to other cornerstones such as Philosophy, Ethics & Morality, and human behavior. The objective of this paper is to not see whether the concept is dubbed correct or erroneous, but rather urge readers to take a collective stand regardless of the universal validity of the concept and shed some serious insight on the hazards of climate change and pursuit of self-interest.
Evaluation of novel oocyst wall protein candidates of Toxoplasma gondii
(Elsevier, 10/01/2017) Salman, Doaa; Hiromi Okuda, Liria; Ueno, Akio; Dautu, George; Zhang, Feifei; Igarashi, Makoto
Oocyst stage of Toxoplasma gondii is characterized by a durable wall that confers a strong protection to this protozoan parasite in face of harsh environmental conditions. Thus, it is considered the key for transmission of T. gondii. Analysis of oocyst wall composition is mandatory therefore; the aim of this study was to identify novel T. gondii oocyst wall proteins and test their use in detection of these oocysts in environmental samples. Five candidates of novel T. gondii oocyst wall proteins (TgOWPs) were identified and named TgOWP8 through TgOWP12. Recombinant protein of TgOWP8 was expressed in E. coli using glutathione S-transferase as fusion protein. Polyclonal antibody was produced and validated by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA). For detection by IFA, we used different methods for fixation and permeabilization of oocysts to improve the antigen-antibody detection. Specificity to wall of T. gondii oocyst was confirmed and revealed absence of cross reactivity with bradyzoite cyst wall and tachyzoites. Although some TgOWPs were identified previously, our study represents a continuation of molecular investigations of oocyst wall proteins as an essential structure for the longevity and infectivity of this stage and also provided new trial to improve T. gondii oocysts detection.
Examining the global infuence of e-governance on corruption: a panel data analysis
(Springer open, 2024-02) Seiam, Dina Ali; Salman, Doaa
This study analyzes the impact of e-governance on corruption using a panel dataset comprising 110 countries over the period from 2003 to 2021. The specifc focus of the research is on the relationship between the E-government Development Index (EGDI) and its four components, namely the Online Service Index (OSI), Human Capital Index (HCI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and E-Participation Index (EPI), and their efects on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). To examine these relationships, the empirical analysis employs a fxed efect model, which is a suitable statistical approach for panel data analysis. The fndings of the study reveal signifcant negative associations between the EGDI, OSI, HCI, and TII with corruption levels across countries worldwide. This implies that higher levels of e-government development, online service provision, human capital, and telecommunication infrastructure are associated with lower corruption perceptions. However, the EPI does not demonstrate a statistically signifcant relationship with the CPI. Based on these results, the paper provides recommendations for governments to prioritize two key areas. Firstly, governments should invest in the development of e-government infrastructure to enhance transparency, accountability, and efciency in public administration, thereby reducing corruption. Secondly, initiatives aimed at enhancing public awareness and understanding of e-governance should be prioritized, as they contribute to increased citizen engagement and participation, which can ultimately lead to improved governance practices and reduced corruption levels.
Gender Inequalty Arab Labour Markets Covid-19
(IEMed, 2021-01) Salman, Doaa
For decades, empowering women and encouraging gender equality has been a feature of all development protocols. Women suffer from a gender discrimination that is imposed by society. Specific regulations and rules have been brought in to give women more visibility in the labour market. Although women have proven themselves in many fields of work, to this day, gender stereotyping against women is very common in Arab society. Numerous wellpaid jobs are inaccessible for women and assigned to men because of society’s mindset. Arab women’s lack of employment opportunities are hindering their abilities, ideas and innovation. There is, nonetheless, clearly a new generation of young women who are trying to move beyond the restrictions of the current economic situation. Currently in the 21st century, society’s view on women has changed slightly; as their role in the workforce has become more effective than in previous years. Now we can find women in almost every area of society; in work, education and even in government. There are countless arguments in favour of empowering young women so as they can lift, not only themselves, but the whole of society out of the poverty cycle, thereby enhancing economic growth. Scholars have highlighted the fact that if women were allowed to engage more in the workforce and received training on the latest technologies, this would strengthen productivity and accelerate path to development and growth and reduce unemployment. The International Labour Organization (ILO) has estimated that decreasing the gender gap by 25 percent will boost global GDP by $5.8 trillion by 2025, (ILO, 2019). Recently, in 2020, women were beginning to realize their dream of making more progress to close the gap, but after COVID-19, women are now facing greater health risks, especially since most nurses are women, being deprived of important health services, particularly pregnant women, and are having to deal with stressful working conditions, especially those working in education, the informal economy or agricultural services. In addition, migrant women are suffering from the travel ban, which is severely limiting their ability to provide their families with financial support. This article will discuss the reasons for gender inequality and the solutions proposed in Arab countries. The solutions will provide policy makers with insight for reinforcing today’s mission to empower women and reduce inequality in Arab countries, and more precisely, in Egypt. It will also offer a policy mix that would contribute to achieving sustainable development.
Gender-Based Price Discrimination: The Cost of Being a Woman Doaa Salman*, Sarah El Ayoubi
(bio byword, 10/30/2019) Salman, Doaa; Sarah, El Ayoubi
Women have been oppressed since the beginning of time; however, the past has earned women their rightful position in society. Despite that, there are still traces of sexism that we find in modern society – these traces can be shown through direct or indirect means. One of the major areas that women are still vigorously oppressed in is gender-based pricing. The pink tax is an old phenomenon that has only gained global attention recently. The pink tax segregates women and often causes life-threatening consequences. This paper will analyze the effects of the pink tax through commodities being sold in the world-famous city of New York in the States. The New York City government is the only government that took action to undergo comprehensive research on such an important topic. In addition to that, the paper will also compare the pink tax while making notations on the gender wage gap to fully highlight the injustice women face today. To conclude this paper, policies and solutions will be recommended to work towards the abolishment of the pink tax trend.
HOW CAN THE AVIATION SECTOR SURVIVE AFTER COVID-19?
(ORCID, 12/09/2020) Salman, Doaa; Seiam, Dina; Fayaz, Eman
This paper aims to analyse the adaptation of the airline industry after the hit of coronavirus pandemic. This virus is affecting the global economy by targeting the most profitable industries and making them collapse. By making a qualitative analysis of the topic, this research paper examines how the airline industry faces such a challenge. Also, it analyses how several airline companies shut down through the huge debt that they faced and how tourism declined sharply in all countries. This paper also examines the slow comeback which was experienced by the airline industry. Finally, the paper proposes a set of policies to overcome the current crisis and future setbacks.
Impact of the Socio-Economic Situation Post the Egyptian Revolution (2011)
(open science, 7/23/2018) Salman, Doaa; Zazzou, Zeinab
Egypt’s socio-economic and political condition is becoming a controversial matter after seven years following the 2011 revolution. The authors are intending to shed the light on the Egyptian socio-economic and political condition after six years since the 2011 revolution; trying to analyze the whole situation from the local and international perspective. How does the world see us? And how do we see ourselves? What is the current socio-economic and political situation in respect to data and information gathered from domestic and international institutions? And how do Egyptian people perceive the economic and political situation in their country now? These are questions which the authors will try to answer in this paper in order to come up with a real picture of Egypt after seven years since the 2011 revolution internally and externally. Researchers will conduct a field study in order to come up with Egyptian citizens’ perspectives and opinions from diverse demographic background regarding the entire political and socio-economic condition in the country through a quantitative research. Finally, we’ll state conclusions and recommendations hoping to come up with adequate answers and solutions for many economic and political problematic issues.
Impact of Women Wage Segregation on Economic Growth: Evidence from Brazil, Egypt and Jordan
(openscience, 10/26/2018) Salman, Doaa; Mostafa Kamel, Nadine
This research analysis studies and outlines the statistical data regarding the female labor force the female labor trends in three countries, Egypt, Jordan & Brazil. The three countries chosen provide a diverse comparative analysis with Egypt being the lowest developed country and Brazil being the highest developed country; this assists in the decision making or policy making procedure in reaching a macro economic framework with the least amount of errors and inaccurate forecasts. The paper then analyzes and compares these labor trends whilst investigating the severity of wage segregation and wage discrimination in the countries thus the effects it has on the gender gap in the labor force; this is how we reach an efficient regulatory policy framework. Nevertheless, the aim of this research is to provide policies and reforms effective immediately for a future that will enhance female labor participation rates. Statistically, we want to increase the female labor force participation rates (FLFPR) especially in the MENA region countries. Conceptually, we want to reach solutions for the female labor force in each of the stated countries as to implement and adopt policies in which foster women participation and decrease wage segregation.
An insight for the market driving forces: Case of Tesla Model- S
(2019) Salman, Doaa
Market analysis is a diagnostic process to uncover the root causes of how markets perform from an economic perspective. This market analysis will help us understand how the market supply and demand work and what elements affect this performance during 2015-2017. Market analysis provides the initial foundation for the market intervention; this foundation is not constant as markets that are constantly evolving and dynamic. This paper will analyze the factors that affect the supply and demand in the same period in addition to the price elasticity for the Tesla Model - S. Finally, this paper develops an insight into the future of the industry.
Insights from online education in the Egyptian higher education
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2022-11) Salman, Doaa; Soliman, Cherine
Purpose – The introduction of technology in education has been a strategic objective at both the governmental and educational institutional levels long before Covid-19. However, the acceleration to e-learning caused by the pandemic disrupted the traditional classroom environment overnight forcing the entire sector at all levels, school, undergraduate and postgraduate, to shift to online learning. Regardless of readiness, the action was taken, and online instruction was implemented, improved, adjusted and enhanced during the experience. After 18 months comprising three semesters of online education amongst MBA and DBA students, the researchers decided to survey to investigate and assess the quality of the experience. The study aims to investigate the students’ perception of this unique opportunity to provide an assessment of online education in higher education, achievement or failure, and based on the results, provide a roadmap for improvement. The study also addresses the uniqueness of the Egyptian higher education environment and the particularity of its student’s context. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a quantitative descriptive survey method to find out how students felt about their online education by giving them a questionnaire and using automated numerical computation to generate data. The total number of the completed survey was 853. However, to include only those responses that were completed attentively, a speed factor was calculated for each respondent. Cases with speed factors higher than three were excluded from the sample, leading to 666 accepted responses. Data collected were analysed using correlation, regression and path analysis. Findings – Favourable satisfaction levels towards online education, and favourable perceptions towards university support, instructor–student communication and course design were found. Less favourable perceptions were found towards peer collaborations and student initiative. Research limitations/implications – While the study proves reliability through the number of candidates participating in the survey, the rigorous measures of eliminations in the sample, the validity value of the questionnaire and the literature recommendation of the model are used here; yet it is important to point out that: further elements in the e-learning can and need to be studied, such as cultural implications, generational differences, government support reality from policies to infrastructure and management philosophy readiness in developing countries amongst other factors. Practical implications – Resources and skills are amongst the factors that were found to affect students’ satisfaction with online education, directly and positively. Student initiative was found to have a moderating role in how student, instructor and institution determinants affect students’ satisfaction with online education. Originality/value – The uniqueness of this paper is that it seeks to assess the agility of the Egyptian education system during COVID-19 in higher education. It provides evidence to the current status as no study assesses the student perception.