Browsing by Author "Salem, M.A"

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Brain-targeting by optimized 99mTc-olanzapine: in vivo and in silico studies
(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020-05) Ibrahim, A.B.; Shamsel-Din, H.A; Hussein, A.S; Salem, M.A
Purpose: Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic agent that is characterized by low brain porousness. The present work aimed to develop radiolabeled olanzapine (OLZ) without colloidal impurities and evaluate its biodistribution following intravenous (I.V.) and intranasal (I.N.) administration as a potential agent for brain diagnosis. Materials and methods: OLZ was radiolabeled with technetium-99m by using sodium dithionite as the reducing agent. Biodistribution of 99mTc-OLZ complex in mice following I.V. and I.N. administrations was examined. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed.Results: Sodium dithionite labeling procedure resulted in highest radiochemical yield (96.30 ± 0.09%) and in vitro stability in serum up to 8 h. Biodistribution study of 99mTc-OLZ complex showed high brain uptake following I.N. (6.2 ± 0.12% ID/g) and I.V. (5.5 ± 0.09% ID/g) at 0.5 and 1 h post administration (P.I.), respectively. Docking into two brain targets predicts higher affinity of 99mTc-OLZ than free OLZ. Additionally, docking to P-glycoproteins shows less affinity for the radiolabelled OLZ and hence it is expected to be associated with better brain exposure than free OLZ.Conclusion: These chemical and preliminary biological merits strongly suggest that the 99mTc-OLZ complex with new reducing agent could be used as a potential diagnostic agent for brain.
Cytotoxic Potential of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of Lampranthus coccineus Extracts, Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Docking Study
(Wiley-Blackwell, 10/22/2020) Youssif, K.A; Elshamy, A.M; Rabeh, M.A; Gabr, N; Afifi, W.M; Salem, M.A; Albohy, A; Abdelmohsen, U.R; Haggag, E.G
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using plant extracts has gained great attention due to its unique properties. So, in this study, the aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Lampranthus coccineus F. Aizoaceae were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The early signs of SNPs synthesis were detected by a color change from yellow to reddish-brown color. The formation of SNPs was further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and zeta potential. The TEM analysis of SNPs showed spherical nanoparticles with mean size ranges between 8.55 nm to 16.44 nm for Lampranthus coccineus aqueous and hexane extracts. The UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis showed an absorption peak at λmax of 417 nm, which confirms the formation of SNPs. Zeta potential results indicated that the particles are negatively charged and fairly stable due to the electrostatic repulsion. The cytotoxic activity of the green synthesized SNPs as well as the four isolated compounds (β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, P-methoxy benzoic acid, dibutyl phthalate, and dioctyl phthalate) was evaluated using MTT assay against MCF-7, HepG-2, and HCT-116 cell lines. Metabolic profiling of the annotated twelve compounds from the crude extract of L. coccineus. These compounds, along with the four isolated compounds were subjected to molecular docking study. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Metabolomics in the context of plant natural products research: From sample preparation to metabolite analysis
(MDPI AG, 2020-01) Alseekh, S; Ezzat, Shahira M; Farag, M.A; Fernie, A.R; Serag, A.; De Souza, L.P; Salem, M.A
Plant‐derived natural products have long been considered a valuable source of lead compounds for drug development. Natural extracts are usually composed of hundreds to thousands of metabolites, whereby the bioactivity of natural extracts can be represented by synergism between several metabolites. However, isolating every single compound from a natural extract is not always possible due to the complex chemistry and presence of most secondary metabolites at very low levels. Metabolomics has emerged in recent years as an indispensable tool for the analysis of thousands of metabolites from crude natural extracts, leading to a paradigm shift in natural products drug research. Analytical methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are used to comprehensively annotate the constituents of plant natural products for screening, drug discovery as well as for quality control purposes such as those required for phytomedicine. In this review, the current advancements in plant sample preparation, sample measurements, and data analysis are presented alongside a few case studies of the successful applications of these processes in plant natural product drug discovery. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Study of the effect of gamma irradiation on carbon black loaded low-density polyethylene films
(International Atomic Energy Agency, 2003) Salem, M.A; Hussein, A
The effect of gamma irradiation on the tensile and physico-chemical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films loaded with different concentrations of carbon black (C.B) has been studied. The results showed that the behavior of the samples during gamma irradiation is complicated and this may be due to scission and the interaction between oxidation and crosslinking processes. The tensile properties are modified by the presence of carbon black. Film sample containing 7% C.B was found to exhibit a nearly stabilized tensile behavior with radiation dose, which allows to use this formulation in packaging for food sterilization and in preservation of weak cobalt-gamma sources
The synergistic effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from a combined extract of parsley, corn silk, and gum arabic: In vivo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities
(nstitute of Physics Publishing, 2020) Helmy, A; El-Shazly, M; Seleem, A; Abdelmohsen, U; Salem, M.A; Samir, A; Rabeh, M; Elshamy, A; Singab, A.N.B
View references (62) Microbial resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory conditions are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In the current work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using the aqueous extracts of parsley, corn silk (CS), gum Arabic (GA) or combination of the three extracts. The formed nanoparticles were characterized using three techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were tested for the formed nanoparticles, the aqueous extracts of each of the three plants and their combination. Oxidative stress was induced by alloxan which promoted the development of diabetes mellitus in rats. Inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan in rats' paws. Pathogenic microorganisms causing serious urinary tract infection (UTI) were selected for the antimicrobial assay. All aqueous extracts and the biosynthesized AgNPs showed variable degrees of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, however, the AgNPs biosynthesized by the combination of the three aqueous extracts was the most effective one. LC/MS was done to identify the compounds present in the crude extracts that may be responsible for the observed biological activities. LC/MS resulted in the identification of 13 compounds. Docking experiments on COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) were performed to determine the compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. The results showed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by the combination of the three aqueous extracts are considered promising candidates for the development of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents