Browsing by Author "Khan, Johra"

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    Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-05) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Onyeike, Eugene N; Khan, Johra; Palai, Santwana; Patel, Sandip B; Parmar, Vijaykumar K; Kushwaha8 |, Garima; Singh, Omkar; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Kumarasamy, Suresh; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Narayanan, Mathiyazhagan; Rudrapal, Mithun; Odoh, Uchenna; Chikeokwu, Ikenna; Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru; Saravanan, Kaliyaperumal; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Ezzat, Shahira M; Olisah, Michael C; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Adedokun, Kamoru A.; Imodoye, Sikiru O.; Bello, Ibrahim O.; Twinomuhwezi, Hannington; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill
    This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the po- tential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors as- sociated with the onset of AML include long-term exposure to radiation and chemi- cals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others. Although novel strategies to manage AML, including a refinement of the conventional chemotherapy regimens, hypomethylating agents, and molecu- lar targeted drugs, have been developed in recent years, resistance and relapse re- main the main clinical problems. In this study, three databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify various bioactive compounds with antileukemic properties. A total of 518 articles were iden- tified, out of which 59 were viewed as eligible for the current report. From the data extracted, over 60 bioactive compounds were identified and divided into five major groups: flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids, and other known and emerging bioactive compounds. The mechanism of actions of the analyzed individual bioactive molecules differs remarkably and includes disrupting chromatin structure, upregulating the synthesis of certain DNA repair proteins, in- ducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting/regulating Hsp90 activities, DNA methyltransferase 1, and histone deacetylase 1.
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    Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology
    (Hindawi, 7/30/2021) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Parmar, Vijaykumar K.; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Ezzat, Shahira M; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Khan, Johra; Onyeike, Eugene N; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Akram, Muhammad; Ibrahim, Mervat S; El Mahdy, Nihal M; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill; Saravanan, Kaliyaperumal; Tijjani, Habibu; Odoh, Uchenna Estella; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Olisah, Michael C; Ezeofor, Nebechi Jane; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Ibeabuchi, Chinwe Gloria
    Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. )e development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. )is review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. )e extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.