Browsing by Author "Kamel, Mahmoud M"

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    Associations Between Serum Soluble Toll-like Receptors 4 and 9 and Breast Cancer in Egyptian Patients
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-09) Moaz, Inas; Fouad, Fayrouz A; Elmasry, Hossam; Tarek, Gehad; Elzoheiry, Aya; Elgamal, Manar; Ibrahim, Randa; Hisham, Yasmin; Safwat, Gehan; Kamel, Mahmoud M; El-Batal, Heba M; Fouda, Merhan
    Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulation of immune cells and are vital in tumorigenesis due to its crucial role in inflammatory microenvironment regulation, as they promote the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Toll-like receptors 4 and TLRs 9 were found to be highly expressed in breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the soluble toll-like receptors 4 and 9 (sTLR4 and sTLR9) as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and their association with the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer. Patients and Method: In this retrospective case-control study, 186 female subjects were recruited and divided into three groups, Group I: 62 healthy control, Group II: 62 subjects diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer, and Group III: 62 subjects diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to quantify the levels of sTLR4 and sTLR9 in serum. Results: Both non-metastatic and metastatic groups showed significant higher levels of both serum sTLR4 and sTLR9 expression compared to healthy controls. Only sTLR9 was significantly increased among metastatic patients compared to non-metastatic group. Serum levels of sTLR9 and sTLR4 were still significantly associated with breast cancer in a multiple logistic regression model (P = <.001). ROC curves showed that both sTLR4 and sTLR9 can be a significant parameter to discriminate between normal females and breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Soluble toll-like receptors 4 and sTLR9 are over-expressed in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic BC than in benign cases. The expression levels of sTLR4 and TLR9 have clinical interest as indicators of tumor aggressiveness suggested to be prognostic biomarkers. Toll-like receptors may represent therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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    HSP70 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Egyptian Breast Cancer Women
    (Elsevier, 2020-11) Fahim, Hagar H.; Mohamed, Ghada; Safwat, Gehan; Abo-bakr, Asmaa; Ibraheem, Maher H.; Al-Mofty, Saif; Kamel, Mahmoud M; Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed; Gameel, Abdallah M.
    Boackground: HSP70 is a significant cellular stress response protein that has intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to protect cells against apoptosis. It is one of the most induced proteins in cancer cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the significant role of the HSP70 expression in Egyptian breast cancer (BC) patients and its potential to be as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Materials and Methods: HSP70 was examined in 155 cases in this prospective study; patients were subdivided into three groups: 60 malignant metastatic patients, 60 malignant non-metastatic patients and 35 benign lesions as control. HSP70 expression was detected using ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Most breast cancer cases expressed HSP70 in both serum (98.3%) and tumor tissue (90%). A strong positive correlation was found between HSP70 IHC, and ELISA (r= 0.811). The mean HSP70 levels, as detected in both patients’ serum by ELISA and tumor tissue by IHC, was significantly higher in BC patients than in benign cases (p=0.001). HSP70 was significantly higher in metastatic BC cases than in nonmetastatic BC (p=0.001). HSP70 showed positive correlation with tumor size (pT stage) and number of lymph node metastasis (p=<0.001). Conclusion: HSP70 is over-expressed in metastatic and non- metastatic BC patients as compared to benign cases. High level of HSP70 either in patient’s serum or in tumor tissue correlated significantly with advanced disease in BC patients. The present study suggests that HSP70 can serve as BC biomarkers for early screening, diagnosis and follow up