Browsing by Author "Kamal Ibrahim, Howida"

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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of indomethacin nanoemulsion as a transdermal delivery system
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) S El-Leithy, Eman; Kamal Ibrahim, Howida; M Sorour, Rania
Nanoemulsions were investigated as transdermal delivery systems for indomethacin. Six formulae were prepared using Triacetin, capryol 90 and labrafil as oils; Tween 80 and pluronic F127 as surfactants and transcutol and propylene glycol as co-surfactants. The continuous phase was that one with the larger volume fraction regardless of the hydrophile–lipophile balance of the surfactant/co-surfactant mixture. Surfactant type had significant effects on particle size and rheological properties of the nanoemulsions. Pluronic-based formulae recorded the lowest particle sizes and the highest viscosities. The prepared nanoemulsions increased drug solubility up to 610-fold compared with water. Refractive index measurements proved the compatibility between indomethacin and the used nanoemulsion components. Indomethacin was almost completely ionized at the pH values of the prepared nanoemulsions, suggesting drug absorption via the hydrophilic pathway of the skin upon topical application. Nanoemulsions controlled indomethacin release through semipermeable membrane and enhanced its permeation through excised newly born albino rat skin. The formulae were stable for six months at ambient conditions. Transdermal single application of selected formulae resulted in effective plasma levels up to 32 h in rats. Nanoemulsions were significantly superior to other investigated transdermal approaches at solubilizing indomethacin and achieving higher plasma levels
Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles as Carrier Systems for Prolonged Ocular Delivery of Gatifloxacin/Prednisolone Bitherapy
(American Chemical Society, 2010) Kamal Ibrahim, Howida; Sadar El-Leithy, Iman; Awad Makky, Amna
A fluoroquinolone/glucocorticoid combination for the treatment of bacterial keratitis in the form of mucoadhesive nanoparticle suspensions was developed to prolong the release and improve patient compliance. Gatifloxacin/prednisolone loaded nanoparticles were prepared using Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100 and coated with the bioadhesive polymer, hyaluronic acid. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed no interaction between gatifloxacin and prednisolone. The effects of the drug:polymer ratio (D:P) and the RS/RL ratio were studied. The obtained nanoparticles were distinct and spherical with a solid dense structure. They have average particle size range of 315.2 to 973.65 nm. Increasing the D:P ratio significantly lowered the entrapment efficiency for both drugs (p < 0.05). The nanoparticle suspensions revealed significantly prolonged drug release comparing to the free drugs (p < 0.05) with no burst effect. Increasing the polymer concentration and the Eudragit RS ratio significantly decreased the release efficiency values. Gatifloxacin showed anomalous release (n = 0.4943) from 1:1 D:P ratio nanoparticle suspension and Fickian diffusion mechanism (n < 0.45) from formulas prepared at higher D:P ratios. Gatifloxacin showed better bioavailability and sustained action in aqueous humor and corneal tissue from the nanoparticles compared to the commercial eye drops. The resulting nanoparticle suspension is promising in reducing dose frequency and improving patient compliance.