Browsing by Author "El-Zairy, M. R."

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Enhancing disperse printing and ultraviolet protecting of polyester-containing fabrics via pretreatment with chitosan/polyethylene glycol/dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; El-Zairy, M. R.; Khalil, H. M.
Pretreatment of polyester-containing fabrics with chitosan, polyethylene glycol along with N-methylol crosslinking agent (ArkofixA NDW, DMDHEU) in the presence of MgCl2. 6H2O/citric acid as a mixed catalyst was carried out for enhancing their printability with disperse dyes as well as upgrading their ultraviolet-protecting properties. The results showed that the changes in the depth of the obtained prints are governed by the type of substrate, chitosan concentration and steaming conditions. On the other hand, incorporation of polyethylene glycol in the pretreatment bath results in a remarkable improvement in the depth of the post-printed fabric samples. Scanning electron microscope images showed the presence of chitosan-based deposits firmly attached to the surface of the pretreated fabric samples. The mechanism of surface modification via loading of chitosan with its amino groups along with polyethylene glycol moieties onto and/or into the finish/fabric matrix was proposed.
New finishing possibilities for producing durable multifunctional cotton/wool and viscose/wool blended fabrics
(ELSEVIER, 2015) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; Emam, E. M.
This research work focuses on the development of a one-bath functional finishing procedure for imparting durable multifunctional properties such as easy care, soft-hand, antibacterial and/or ultra violet (UV) protection to cotton/wool and viscose/wool blends using diverse finishing combinations and formulations. In this study finishing agents such as reactant resin, silicon softeners, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, triclosan, and pigment colorant were selected using magnesium chloride/citric acid as a mixed catalyst and the pad-dry microwave fixation technique. The results reveal that enhancement in the imparted functional properties are governed by type of the finished substrate as well as nature and concentration of finishing formulation components. The finished fabrics still retained high level of functionalities even after 15 consecutive laundering. Surface morphology and composition of selected samples were investigated using scan electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The mode of interactions was also investigated. Practical applications for multifunctionlization of cellulose/wool blended fabrics are possible using these sorts of proper finishing formulations and unique finishing application method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New thickening agents for reactive printing of cellulosic fabrics
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Four adducts were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in presence of either a pyrodextrin (D) or gum Arabic (GA), and termed as PAA/D-1, PAA/D-2, PAA/GA(1), and PAA/GA(2). These adducts were utilized as thickeners in reactive printing of cotton fabric in comparison with Na-Alginate. Printing was carried out at different conditions including: NaHCO3 concentration (0-40 g/K), urea concentration (0-200 g/k), steaming temperature (100-130 degrees C) and time (5-35 min). At optimal NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K) the depth of shade of the prints, expressed as K/S values, depended on the nature of the thickener used, and followed the descending order PAA/D2 > PAA/GA, > Na-Alginate >> PAA/D-1 >= PAA/GA(2). Accordingly, PAA/D-1 and PAA/GA(2) were omitted in subsequent trials. Optimal printing conditions were found to be NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K), urea concentration (100 g/k), steaming temperature (110 degrees C), and time (15 min). The apparent viscosity of a printing paste, as well as both of K/S value and fastness properties of a print were governed by the nature of the reactive dye and type of thickener. Storing of a printing paste up to 7 days resulted in a decrease in its apparent viscosity along with a slight reduction in K/S value and a little variation in some fastness properties of prints. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel treatment for multifunctional finishing and reactive dyeing of polyamide-6-cotton blend
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, W. M.; Ghazal, H. A.
A new approach to simultaneous functional finishing and reactive dyeing of polyamide-6-cotton fabric (50/50) is developed. The extent of improvement in the functional and dyeing properties is determined by the UV-absorber, UV-Sun(R) CEL, concentration, type and concentration of the used reactive dye as well as the treatment sequence. The UV-protection and the antibacterial properties, against S. aureus (G+ve) and E. coli (G-ve) bacteria, of the simultaneously finished and dyed fabric samples are maintained even after 15 washing cycles. After 15 washing cycles, the depth of shades and the fastness properties of the obtained dyeings are not seriously affected. The incorporation of the used UV-absorber onto the blend fibres was also confirmed by SEM analysis.
A smart approach for enhancing dyeing and functional finishing properties of cotton cellulose/polyamide-6 fabric blend
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2011) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, W. M.; El-Zairy, M. R.; Eid, B. M.; Ghazal, H. A.
Polyamide-6/cotton fabric blend was modified by chemical treatments using citric acid (30 g/L) as acrosslinker, an acrylate binder (10 g/L), Na-hypophosphite (6 g/L) as a catalyst in the presence of basic dye or pigment colorant (15 g/L) employing a pad-dry-cure technique (wet-pickup 80%, 80 degrees C/5 min and 180 degrees C/2 min respectively). Combined modifying and dyeing of the treated fabric samples resulted in a significant improvement in the extent of coloration along with a remarkable improvement in the imparted functional properties namely UV-B protection and antibacterial function. The change in K/S value as well as in the fastness properties ratings of the obtained dyeings along with variation in their functional properties depend on the ester-crosslinker/catalyst concentration, type and concentration of the coloring agent as well as thermo-fixation temperature. Mode of interaction was reported, and surface modification was also confirmed by SEM analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylic acid/dexy 85 and polyacrylic acid/gum arabic adducts
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Ibrahim, N. A.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Polyacrylic acid/gum arabic or polyacrylic acid/dextrin (PAA/GA or PAA/D) adducts were prepared by free radical polymerization of highly concentrated, partially neutralized AA using Na2S2O8/Na2S2O3 redox system in the presence of GA or D. Optimum reaction conditions, viz., AA, 6.76 mol/L; Na2S2O3, 26.87 X 10(-3) mol/L; Na2S2O8, 34.9 X 10(-3) mol/L; degree of neutralization, 20%; temperature, 90 degrees C; and time 30 min, were utilized in preparing two adducts of each substrate (GA or D) at two liquor ratios (LRs; 1.25/1 and 6.3/1 L/K). The four adducts formed, viz., PAA/GA,, PAA/GA, PAA/D,, and PAA/D-2 (where 1 and 2 refer to the low and high LR, respectively) were found to be water soluble at all proportions. IR spectrum of these adducts confirmed the introduction of the COOH group onto their structures. Rheological properties of 7%, aqueous solutions of these adducts, including Na-alginate (Alg), showed that all are characterized by a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, thixotropic behavior. Within the range of shear rate studied, the apparent viscosities of these solutions followed the descending order: PAA/D2 > PAA/D-1 > Alg > GA(1) = PAA/GA(2). Completing neutralization (Na form) of adducts to 100% results in a remarkable enhancement of their apparent viscosities, so that they follow the descending order, depending on the shear rate: At 2 s(-1) shear rate: PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) > Alg At 18.89 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > Alg >= PAA/GA(2) At 40 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) = Alg (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, hic.