Browsing by Author "Amer R.I."

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Carbamazepine loaded vesicular structures for enhanced brain targeting via intranasal route: Optimization, in vitro evaluation, and in vivo study
(Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd, 2019) Yassin G.E.; Amer R.I.; Fayez A.M.; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt
Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route. Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert �� software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNF��. Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25�a C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-�� and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain. Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route. � 2019 The Authors.
A completely polyherbal conditioning and antioxidant shampoo: A phytochemical study and pharmaceutical evaluation
(International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2019) Bakr R.O.; Amer R.I.; Fayed M.A.A.; Ragab T.I.M.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sadat City; Sadat City; Egypt; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products; Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt
Aim: A recent approach in shampoo research has been to find a natural alternative for synthetic detergents that have deteriorative effects on hair follicles. This study aimed at the formulation of a completely herbal shampoo containing a natural foaming agent, in addition to having conditioning, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Material and Methods: The leaves of Salix babylonica L., Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Willd), and Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizomes were extracted with 70% methanol then quantified for their phenolic and flavonoid contents using colorimetric assays that were qualitatively identified by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). The mineral content was also estimated. The radical scavenging activity was estimated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was tested using agar diffusion assay and compared to vancomycin and ketoconazole. Four formulations, consisting of the different plant extracts and a combination of the extracts, were prepared and evaluated for several physicochemical properties. The best formula was evaluated for its conditioning effects using scanning electron microscope and blind touch tests by asking volunteers for grading the formulations. Results and Discussion: UPLC-MS-MS analysis of S. babylonica and Z. spina-christi allowed tentative identification of 12 phytoconstituents in each. Z. spina-christi showed the highest phenolic content and a high copper, zinc, and manganese content beside the best antioxidant activity, whereas G. glabra had a high potency against Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. The polyherbal shampoo formulation (F4) was selected as an optimized formulation because of a high foam stability after 4 min, low wetting time (2 s), surface tension reduction, and comparable results for percent solid content. F4 showed good conditioning effect and consumer contentment. Conclusion: The formulated polyherbal shampoo is chemical free, extra-nourishing shampoo with excellent conditioning, cleansing, and antimicrobial effects. � 2019 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.
Honey-based hydrogel: In vitro and comparative in vivo evaluation for burn wound healing
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017) El-Kased R.F.; Amer R.I.; Attia D.; Elmazar M.M.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; British University in Egypt; BUE Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy; University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; British University in Egypt; BUE Cairo; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; British University in Egypt; BUE Cairo; Egypt
Honey was used to treat wounds since ancient times till nowadays. The present study aimed at preparing a honey-based hydrogel and assay its antimicrobial properties and wound healing activity; in-vitro and in-vivo. Topical honey hydrogel formulations were prepared using three honey concentrations with gelling agents; chitosan and carbopol 934. The prepared formulae were evaluated for pH, spreadability, swelling index, in-vitro release and antimicrobial activity. The pH and spreadability were in the range of 4.3-6.8 and 5.7-8.6 cm, respectively. Chitosan-based hydrogel showed higher in-vitro honey release with diffusional exponent 'n ? 0.5 indicates Fickian diffusion mechanism. Hydrogel formulae were assessed for in-vitro antimicrobial activity using Disc Diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test against common burn infections bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes. The 75% honey-chitosan hydrogel showed highest antimicrobial activity. This formula was tested for in-vivo burn healing using burn-induced wounds in mice. The formula was evaluated for burn healing and antibacterial activities compared to commercial product. 75% honey-chitosan hydrogel was found to possess highest healing rate of burns. The present study concludes that 75% honey-chitosan hydrogel possesses greater wound healing activity compared to commercial preparation and could be safely used as an effective natural topical wound healing treatment. � 2017 The Author(s).