Browsing by Author "Abdelhafeez, Manal M"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Applications of Finite Element Analysis in Endodontics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024-07) Abdelhafeez, Manal M
Background: Endodontics increasingly uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate stress distribution, fracture resistance, and temperature changes in treated teeth. FEA's endodontic uses, benefits, and drawbacks are examined in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A PubMed systematic search found relevant studies published up to January 2022. Original endodontic research articles utilizing FEA to quantify stress distribution, fracture resistance, or temperature changes in treated teeth were eligible. The systematic review comprised 30 publications, 15 of which were meta-analyzed. Data were extracted using a standard form, and the 'Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)' for observational studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials assessed quality. Random-effects models calculated pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals in RevMan 5.4 meta-analysis. Results: Meta-analysis shows FEA-guided endodontic treatment improves stress distribution (P < 0.001) and fracture resistance (P < 0.05) compared to conventional treatments. The temperature did not vary significantly (P = 0.12). Stress distribution had an effect size of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85), fracture resistance 0.42 (95%: 0.12-0.72), and temperature variations -0.18. Conclusion: In conclusion, FEA is a valuable technique in endodontics for stress distribution study and fracture resistance testing. FEA models' accuracy, dependability, and clinical applicability were questioned, underlining the need for more research and development to maximize their endodontics clinical use.
Assessment of Penetrability for Different Endodontic Irrigation Activating Techniques Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Digital Radiography—An In Vitro Study
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-06) Abdelhafeez, Manal M; Alharbi, Afnan S; Srivastava, Swati; Abdelaziz, Rehab; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Almohareb, Rahaf A; Algahtani, Fahda N; Soliman, Mai
The elimination of necrotic and inflamed pulp tissue, dentin debris, and microorganisms is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. However, the root canal’s complexity has led to incomplete cleaning and disinfection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the penetrability of three different irrigation activating techniques to the apical third of the root canal. Sixty sound single- rooted human mandibular premolars are prepared with rotary instrumentation under continuous sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Three irrigation activation techniques are utilized: group 1 (n = 20), conventional needle irrigation (CN); group 2 (n = 20), side-vented endodontic needle irrigation (EN); and group 3 (n = 20), manual activation irrigation with gutta-percha cone (MA). The penetrability is assessed with the aid of a radiopaque irrigation solution using digital radiography in conjunction with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) measurements. Data are analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), using multiple comparisons to compare the baseline and test values. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis (Tukey honestly significant difference) is performed to detect the statistically significant differences between groups. Manual activation (MA) shows effective delivery of the irrigant into full WL, followed by endodontic needle (EN) and conventional (CN) methods of activation (p < 0.001). The results of the present study show that maximum penetrability of the irrigant is observed with manual activation (MA) using a gutta cone in comparison with the conventional needle (CN).
Assessment of the Proximity of the Inferior Alveolar Canal with the Mandibular Root Apices and Cortical Plates—A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-10) Srivastava, Swati; Alharbi, Hanan M; Alharbi, Afnan S; Soliman, Mai; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Abdelhafeez, Manal M
Various endodontic interventions often lead to iatrogenic damage to the inferior alve- olar nerve present in the inferior alveolar canal (IAC). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationships of IAC with the root apices of mandibular teeth and with the mandibu- lar cortical plates. Materials: 116 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were exam- ined and the shortest distance of IAC with the root apices of mandibular canines, premolars and molars, and with cortical plates was analyzed. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Results: The shortest mean distance between IAC and lingual cortical plate (LCP) was found in the third molar area, and between IAC and buccal cortical plate (BCP) in the second premolar area. A high incidence of 60% direct communication (DC) was present in mandibular second mo- lars; 38% in mandibular third molars; 13% in mandibular second premolars; 12% in mandibular first molars; and 1% in mandibular first premolars. Conclusion: Anteriorly, IAC was found to be significantly present in close approximation to the roots of mandibular canines. Posteriorly, IAC was found to be in significant proximity to the distal roots of mandibular second molars.
Disinfection Efficacy of Laser Activation on Different Forms and Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite Root Canal Irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis in Primary Teeth
(MDPI AG, 2023-12) Yavagal, Chandrashekar Murugesh; Subramani, Srinivas K; Patil, Viplavi Chavan; Yavagal, Puja C; Talwar, Ramachandra P; Hebbal, Mamata Iranna; Saadaldin, Selma A; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Abdelhafeez, Manal M; Soliman, Mai
Photoactivated disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has improved primary root canal treatment outcomes. This in vitro study aims to assess and compare the disinfecting efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel, without laser activation and accompanied by laser activation, on Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated primary teeth root canals. After one month of incubating extracted teeth specimens with E. faecalis, 36 specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (conventional method without laser-activated irrigation) and Group B (with laser-activated irrigation). Each group was further divided into three subgroups, with six samples in each subgroup. Subgroup 1 received irrigation with normal saline, Subgroup 2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and Subgroup 3 with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel. Diode laser activation at 810 nm was used in Group B. Bacterial colony counts were measured before and after the intervention. Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Microbial analysis revealed no bacterial growth in samples irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with the laser. Activation with the laser significantly (p = 0.02) improved the disinfection ability of the irrigant compared to the non-activation group. The disinfection ability of sodium hypochlorite gel was better than that of saline (p = 0.02); however, it was comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite solution (p = 0.67). Conclusion: Root canal irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with an 810 nm diode laser resulted in complete eradication of Enterococcus faecalis, indicating its effectiveness as an endodontic disinfection treatment modality.
Impact of Ceramic Material and Preparation Design on Marginal Fit of Endocrown Restorations
(MDPI AG, 2022-08) Soliman, Mai; Alzahrani, Ghadeer; Alabdualataif, Foton; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Alsamady, Sahar; Aldegheishem, Alhanoof; Abdelhafeez, Manal M
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of ceramic material and preparation design on the marginal fit of endocrown restorations. Methods: Forty endocrown restorations were CAD/CAM-fabricated for forty extracted maxillary first premolar teeth. Samples were divided into two groups (n = 20) according to the ceramic materials used: Celtra Duo and Vita Enamic. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the preparation design: with no intraradicular extension and with 3 mm intraradicular extension. The marginal gap was examined using a digital microscope. Results: Celtra Duo without intraradicular extension recorded the least mean marginal gap (7.74 ± 1.55 µm), while Group Celtra Duo with 3 mm intraradicular extension recorded the highest mean marginal gap (29.54 ± 6.32 µm). Group Vita Enamic recorded a lesser marginal gap (18.03 ± 12.11 µm) than group CD (Celtra Duo) (18.64 ± 12.05 µm). There is a statistically non-significant difference between the two groups of materials (p = 0.873). There is a statistically significant difference between the two tested preparation designs (p < 0.001). Conclusion: All groups recorded a marginal gap within clinically accepted values. Material selection may influence the fitting of restorations. Intraradicular extension for endocrown restorations adversely affects the marginal fit, however, the marginal gap is still within the clinically accepted range.
Influence of Open Apex on Working Length Determination Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Apex Locators: A Comparative In Vitro Study
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2022-07-23) Srivastava, Swati; Alharbi, Hanan M; Soliman, Mai; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Abdelhafeez, Manal M
Objectives. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of open apex on working length (WL) determination with aid of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic apex locators (EALs). Methods. Thirty-two extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, and apical 5 mm was removed. Root canals were prepared from the apical to the coronal direction of the canal using peeso reamers up to size 5 (retrograde) to simulate open apex. The samples were analyzed by CBCT, and WL was established (CWL) by a radiologist. An endodontist prepared the access cavities, and visual working length (VWL) was recorded. The samples were embedded in a freshly mixed alginate mould up to cementoenamel junction. Each root canal length was measured with two different EALs—Root ZX mini and i Root. The measurements were repeated 3 times by using a digital caliper, and the mean was recorded by the endodontist who was blinded to the results of the CWL. The recorded data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. Results. The results of this study showed statistically significant difference between VWL and i Root, CWL and i Root, and Root ZX mini and i Root (p < 0:05). Amongst EALs, a superior accuracy was noted for Root ZX mini than as compared to i Root. However, no statistically significant difference was seen between Root ZX mini and CWL (p > 0:05). Conclusion. The present study showed that CWL is as accurate and reliable as VWL which is the gold standard. Amongst EALs, Root ZX mini performed more accurately than i Root. Preexisting CBCT scans should be used as an advantage in determining WL.
Perception of Minimum Interventional Dentistry among Dental Undergraduate Students and Interns
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-05) Abdelhafeez, Manal M; Alharbi, Fatima M; Srivastava, Swati; Eldwakhly, Elzahraa; Saadaldin, Selma A; Soliman, Mai
Background: The philosophy of minimum interventional dentistry (MID) is to integrate prevention, remineralization, and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restora- tions. All branches of dentistry play an important role in practicing MID, and their primary goal is to realize that any restoration is of less biological significance than the healthy original tissue Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the perception of MID among dental undergraduate students and interns in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice at the College of Dentistry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students and interns at the College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed, which included basic demographic profiles and questions about the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward MID. The data were tabulated in MS Excel, and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 163 dental students were recruited, with senior students comprising 73% and interns comprising 27%. Male students were slightly more prevalent (50.9%) than female students (49.1%). About 37.6% of participants received training about MID during educational courses, while 10.3% received it during their internship. A statistical test revealed that the prevalence of interns who were trained in performing MID was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The majority of the participants demonstrated proper knowledge, attitude, and practice in different aspects of MID. Interns reported a higher rate of knowledge, attitude, and practice in MID compared to undergraduate students. However, more education and hands-on training about MID concepts during the college curriculum are necessary to attain better knowledge, attitude, and practices that could be useful for more conservative clinical practice.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Condensing Osteitis Lesions in Saudi Population at Qassim Region
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024-07) Abdelhafeez, Manal M; Alrasheed, Felwah M
Background: Condensing osteitis (CO) is a common radiopaque lesion observed in the jaws, often detected incidentally on panoramic radiographs. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of CO is essential for early detection and appropriate management. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of condensing osteitis among the Saudi population in the Qassim region. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 876 digital panoramic radiographs. The presence of CO was identified based on specific radiographic features, and data were collected regarding gender, age, lesion localization, lesion shape, and associated dental status. Results: The prevalence of CO was found to be 2.3% (n = 20) in the study population, with a higher predilection in females (1.4%) compared to males (0.9%). The most commonly affected age group was 30-39 years for males and 10-19 and 30-39 years for females. The mandibular molar region was predominantly affected (90%), with a 'U' shape observed in 55% of the lesions. Root canal treatment was the most commonly associated dental status (75%), followed by deep caries (20%) and large restorations (5%). Conclusion: The study highlights a 2.3% prevalence of CO in the Saudi population of the Qassim region, with a higher predilection in females and a predominant localization in the mandibular molar region. Dental practitioners should be vigilant in identifying CO, especially in at-risk populations, to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.